001aecba6afbf2fcc60054f32566ef04 minerals_a2021v11n7p746.pdf 8ac0cf239d4b28c7d295808ade0868633ffe2b45 minerals_a2021v11n7p746.pdf fdbaf45aac75ffb815ef692fcf2c927a2711654984c508bbce822c439db73013 minerals_a2021v11n7p746.pdf Title: The Colors of the Circus Mosaic from Barcino (Roman Barcelona): Characterization, Provenance, and Technology Issues Subject: Archaeometric studies on mosaics often concentrate only on glass tesserae, while comprehensive studies including both stone and glass tesserae are scarce; however, both types of tesserae can sometimes bring relevant data to elaborate archaeological knowledge on a studied mosaic. In this paper, a representative set of tesserae from a large polychrome Roman mosaic retrieved in Barcelona (NE Spain) is investigated using various methods. Most of the techniques were directly applied on samples prepared as petrographic thin sections (including polarized-light, cathodoluminescence and electron microscopies, and synchrotron through-the-substrate X-ray diffraction). The results indicate that, from the ten sampled stone tesserae, there are (i) seven limestones, one of them identified as Alveolina limestone (early Eocene) from the southern Pyrenees (ii) two sandstones from Barcelona’s Montjuïc hill (Miocene) and, (iii) a Carrara white marble from the Apuan Alps (Italy). The profuse presence of tesserae of both local and imported materials with well-known uses in architecture, epigraphy, and sculpture could imply that tesserae were a by-product of their main use. Two different production technologies were identified for the three sampled glass tesserae. The concurrent use of antimony- and tin-based opacifiers is in agreement with the accepted archaeological chronology of the mosaic (4th century AD). Keywords: mosaic; archaeometry; glass and stone tesserae; provenance; opacification; cathodoluminescence; Roman period; thin section petrography; SEM-EDS; tts-XRD Author: Lluís Casas, Roberta Di Febo, Carme Boix, Albert Egea, Oriol Vallcorba, Ignasi Queralt, Anna Anglisano, Isabel Moreno and Lorena Andino Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Jul 12 03:56:38 2021 CEST ModDate: Mon Jul 12 06:07:57 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 25 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 17933958 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- CEJQCO+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 ARNCAO+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 15 0 PISLJS+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 NBLTXP+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 YILCVZ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 MHXOKR+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 36 0 OLQXYA+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 44 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 70 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 74 0 MJSSOL+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 89 0 FVGOTS+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 181 0 QUVMYO+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 231 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-27 03:29:49 CEST RepresentationInformation: minerals_a2021v11n7p746.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:58:09 CEST Size: 17933958 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 503 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: The Circus Mosaic from Barcelona Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Sampling and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Children: Item: Title: Colorimetry Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Thin-Section Petrography (POM, CL) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: SEM-EDS Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: tts-XRD Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: XRF Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Stable Isotopes Analyses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Children: Item: Title: Colorimetry Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Stone Tesserae Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Children: Item: Title: Petrographic Characterization Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Cathodoluminescence of Selected Samples Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Isotopic Analysis of Tessera #13 Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: Glass Tesserae Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Children: Item: Title: Petrographic Characterization Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: SEM-EDX Measurements Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: SR tts-XRD Measurements Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: EDXRF Measurements Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Item: Title: Archaeological Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Children: Item: Title: Provenance Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: Production Technology Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Children: Item: Title: Base Glass Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Item: Title: Opacifiers Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1060b431 Item: Title: Colorants Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612679d6 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@11758f2a Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@e720b71 Info: Title: The Colors of the Circus Mosaic from Barcino (Roman Barcelona): Characterization, Provenance, and Technology Issues Author: Lluís Casas, Roberta Di Febo, Carme Boix, Albert Egea, Oriol Vallcorba, Ignasi Queralt, Anna Anglisano, Isabel Moreno and Lorena Andino Subject: Archaeometric studies on mosaics often concentrate only on glass tesserae, while comprehensive studies including both stone and glass tesserae are scarce; however, both types of tesserae can sometimes bring relevant data to elaborate archaeological knowledge on a studied mosaic. In this paper, a representative set of tesserae from a large polychrome Roman mosaic retrieved in Barcelona (NE Spain) is investigated using various methods. Most of the techniques were directly applied on samples prepared as petrographic thin sections (including polarized-light, cathodoluminescence and electron microscopies, and synchrotron through-the-substrate X-ray diffraction). The results indicate that, from the ten sampled stone tesserae, there are (i) seven limestones, one of them identified as Alveolina limestone (early Eocene) from the southern Pyrenees (ii) two sandstones from Barcelona’s Montjuïc hill (Miocene) and, (iii) a Carrara white marble from the Apuan Alps (Italy). The profuse presence of tesserae of both local and imported materials with well-known uses in architecture, epigraphy, and sculpture could imply that tesserae were a by-product of their main use. Two different production technologies were identified for the three sampled glass tesserae. The concurrent use of antimony- and tin-based opacifiers is in agreement with the accepted archaeological chronology of the mosaic (4th century AD). Keywords: mosaic; archaeometry; glass and stone tesserae; provenance; opacification; cathodoluminescence; Roman period; thin section petrography; SEM-EDS; tts-XRD Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Jul 12 03:56:38 CEST 2021 ModDate: Mon Jul 12 06:07:57 CEST 2021 ID: 0x2bb1204428ac2e34585601917e02a00b, 0x2bb1204428ac2e34585601917e02a00b Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: MHXOKR+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: MHXOKR+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: PISLJS+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 246 FontDescriptor: FontName: PISLJS+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 189 LastChar: 189 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