99d92ca15dc8352c3d2c49b1ab004087 water_a2021v13n16p2175.pdf 878681ef03278dc6858df8838c8b21b658313f22 water_a2021v13n16p2175.pdf 18cf65f3fcc83c9a865bb13706c2236acdc497a960bb71b1dde5554c569a85dd water_a2021v13n16p2175.pdf Title: Páramo Lakes of Colombia: An Overview of Their Geographical Distribution and Physicochemical Characteristics Subject: The páramo lakes, Colombia, situated in the neotropical region, are of great value both as natural heritage and as water source to the most populated areas of the Andes, but are threatened by expanding agriculture, livestock, mining, and landscape fragmentation. Nonetheless, a general assessment of the lakes’ distribution and biogeochemical characteristics was lacking. We made a complete inventory of the Colombian páramo lakes and characterized their morphometry and water chemistry based on a survey of 51 lakes in the Eastern Cordillera. There are 3250 lakes distributed across 28 páramo complexes in Colombia, mainly located between 3600 and 4400 m a.s.l. The lakes are usually small (<10 ha) and shallow (<10 m). Most of them are slightly acidic (average pH~6), with high nutrient (total phosphorus ~0.6 mg/L, total nitrogen ~1 mg/L) and total organic carbon (~6 mg/L) concentrations and low oxygen (~3.5 mg/L) at the bottom. Water chemistry varies according to two main independent gradients related to watershed bedrock geology and trophic state. Global change pressures may be challenging the preservation of these unique ecosystems. Increasing the protection of more lake watersheds should reduce these potential impacts by mitigating negative synergies with local pressures. Keywords: the Andes; conservation; global change; high mountain lakes; neotropics; trophic state; wetlands Author: Angela Zapata, Carlos A. Rivera-Rondón, Daivan Valoyes, Claudia L. Muñoz-López, Marino Mejía-Rocha and Jordi Catalan Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Aug 9 09:35:39 2021 CEST ModDate: Mon Aug 9 09:39:41 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 16 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2660925 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- KGGEZZ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 FETANE+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 IEQENL+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 PRJKGQ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 PWOQZJ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 FSIJLB+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 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edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Páramo Lake Conservation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Info: Title: Páramo Lakes of Colombia: An Overview of Their Geographical Distribution and Physicochemical Characteristics Author: Angela Zapata, Carlos A. Rivera-Rondón, Daivan Valoyes, Claudia L. Muñoz-López, Marino Mejía-Rocha and Jordi Catalan Subject: The páramo lakes, Colombia, situated in the neotropical region, are of great value both as natural heritage and as water source to the most populated areas of the Andes, but are threatened by expanding agriculture, livestock, mining, and landscape fragmentation. Nonetheless, a general assessment of the lakes’ distribution and biogeochemical characteristics was lacking. We made a complete inventory of the Colombian páramo lakes and characterized their morphometry and water chemistry based on a survey of 51 lakes in the Eastern Cordillera. There are 3250 lakes distributed across 28 páramo complexes in Colombia, mainly located between 3600 and 4400 m a.s.l. The lakes are usually small (<10 ha) and shallow (<10 m). Most of them are slightly acidic (average pH~6), with high nutrient (total phosphorus ~0.6 mg/L, total nitrogen ~1 mg/L) and total organic carbon (~6 mg/L) concentrations and low oxygen (~3.5 mg/L) at the bottom. Water chemistry varies according to two main independent gradients related to watershed bedrock geology and trophic state. Global change pressures may be challenging the preservation of these unique ecosystems. Increasing the protection of more lake watersheds should reduce these potential impacts by mitigating negative synergies with local pressures. 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