56dc4cf0f5222723f85b795292b2f143 remsen_a2021v13n14p2806.pdf 8609d87c9cb632877ac5e33779b01ec9655ceb08 remsen_a2021v13n14p2806.pdf 4a16271f318ff4603016f618c919b13b254f23f39635777a47113962fcc7af48 remsen_a2021v13n14p2806.pdf Title: Monitoring the Responses of Deciduous Forest Phenology to 2000–2018 Climatic Anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere Subject: Monitoring the phenological responses of deciduous forests to climate is important, due to the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events associated with climate change and global warming, which will in turn affect vegetation seasonality. We investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of the response of deciduous forests to climatic anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere, using satellite-derived phenological metrics from the Copernicus Global Land Service Leaf Area Index, and multisource climatic datasets for 2000–2018 at resolutions of 0.1. Thereafter, we assessed the impact of extreme heatwaves and droughts on this deciduous forest phenology. We assumed that changes in the deciduous forest phenology in the Northern Hemisphere for the period 2000–2018 were monotonic, and that temperature and precipitation were the main climatic drivers. Analyses of partial correlations of phenological metrics with the timing of the start of the season (SoS), end of the season (EoS), and climatic variables indicated that changes in preseason temperature played a stronger role than precipitation in affecting the interannual variability of SoS anomalies: the higher the temperature, the earlier the SoS in most deciduous forests in the Northern Hemisphere (mean correlation coefficient of -0.31). Correlations between the SoS and temperature were significantly negative in 57% of the forests, and significantly positive in 15% of the forests (p < 0.05). Both temperature and precipitation contributed to the advance and delay of the EoS. A later EoS was significantly correlated with a positive Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at the regional scale (~30% of deciduous forests). The timings of the EoS and SoS shifted by >20 d in response to heatwaves throughout most of Europe in 2003, and in the United States of America in 2012. This study contributes to improve our understanding of the phenological responses of deciduous forests in the Northern Hemisphere to climate change and extreme climate events. Keywords: phenology; deciduous forests; climate change; SPEI; climatic anomalies; heatwave Author: Kevin Bórnez, Aleixandre Verger, Adrià Descals and Josep Peñuelas Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Jul 19 07:42:27 2021 CEST ModDate: Mon Jul 19 09:49:08 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 21 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 11106011 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- EWJKNR+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 NDTGCJ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 POHSGT+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 BWLIDT+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 VHBCLB+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 28 0 CVSFSJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 ZKJPJD+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C 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EKNJEK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 298 0 EKNJDH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 313 0 EKNJEI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 316 0 EKNJEK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 319 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-03-10 03:07:41 CET RepresentationInformation: remsen_a2021v13n14p2806.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-01-21 12:38:44 CET Size: 11106011 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 701 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Data Sources and Processing Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Children: Item: Title: Study Area Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Land-Cover/vegetation Map Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Vegetation Phenology from SPOT VEGETATION and PROBA-V Data Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Rainfall and Temperature Datasets Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: SPEI Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Methodology and Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Children: Item: Title: Trend Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Standardized Anomalies Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Correlation and Partial Correlation Analyses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Sensitivity Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Children: Item: Title: Analysis of Trends and Correlations in the 2000 2018 Time Series Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Children: Item: Title: Trends in the Time Series of Estimated Phenology Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: Correlation and Sensitivity of Phenology with Climatic Variables Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: Response of Vegetation Phenology to Drought Using the SPEI Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: Phenological Responses to Recent Climatic Extremes Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Children: Item: Title: Effect of the 2003 Summer Heatwave in Western Europe Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Item: Title: Effect of the 2012 Spring Heatwave in Eastern North America Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: Effect of the Late 2005 Cold Wave in the Balkans Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1060b431 Info: Title: Monitoring the Responses of Deciduous Forest Phenology to 2000 2018 Climatic Anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere Author: Kevin Bórnez, Aleixandre Verger, Adrià Descals and Josep Peñuelas Subject: Monitoring the phenological responses of deciduous forests to climate is important, due to the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events associated with climate change and global warming, which will in turn affect vegetation seasonality. We investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of the response of deciduous forests to climatic anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere, using satellite-derived phenological metrics from the Copernicus Global Land Service Leaf Area Index, and multisource climatic datasets for 2000 2018 at resolutions of 0.1. Thereafter, we assessed the impact of extreme heatwaves and droughts on this deciduous forest phenology. We assumed that changes in the deciduous forest phenology in the Northern Hemisphere for the period 2000 2018 were monotonic, and that temperature and precipitation were the main climatic drivers. Analyses of partial correlations of phenological metrics with the timing of the start of the season (SoS), end of the season (EoS), and climatic variables indicated that changes in preseason temperature played a stronger role than precipitation in affecting the interannual variability of SoS anomalies: the higher the temperature, the earlier the SoS in most deciduous forests in the Northern Hemisphere (mean correlation coefficient of -0.31). Correlations between the SoS and temperature were significantly negative in 57% of the forests, and significantly positive in 15% of the forests (p < 0.05). Both temperature and precipitation contributed to the advance and delay of the EoS. A later EoS was significantly correlated with a positive Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at the regional scale (~30% of deciduous forests). The timings of the EoS and SoS shifted by >20 d in response to heatwaves throughout most of Europe in 2003, and in the United States of America in 2012. This study contributes to improve our understanding of the phenological responses of deciduous forests in the Northern Hemisphere to climate change and extreme climate events. 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