99e74f7d701f88828ad146fa0c949045 ijenvrespubhea_a2021v18n17p9314.pdf 322b82455224dda8bececd7601dc3b250aa66ae8 ijenvrespubhea_a2021v18n17p9314.pdf 68b9ada40ec82c1a0956fe5205112230c25f9284d58a57547d2038e76de37dbc ijenvrespubhea_a2021v18n17p9314.pdf Title: Mental Health Outcomes in Barcelona: The Interplay between Gentrification and Greenspace Subject: Greenspace is widely related to mental health benefits, but this relationship may vary by social group. Gentrification, as linked to processes of unequal urban development and conflict, potentially impacts health outcomes. This study explores the relationships between greenspace and mental health and between gentrification and mental health associations. It also further examines gentrification as an effect modifier in the greenspace–mental health association and SES as an effect modifier in the gentrification-mental health association. We used cross-sectional Barcelona (Spain) data from 2006, which included perceived mental health status and self-reported depression/anxiety from the Barcelona Health Survey. Greenspace exposure was measured as residential access to(1) all greenspace, (2) greenways and (3) parks in 2006. Census-tract level gentrification was measured using an index including changes in sociodemographic indicators between 1991 and 2006. Logistic regression models revealed that only greenways were associated with better mental health outcomes, with no significant relationship between mental health and parks or all greenspace. Living in gentrifying neighborhoods was protective for depression/anxiety compared to living in non-gentrifying neighborhoods. However, only residents of gentrifiable census tracts benefited from the exposure to greenways. SES was not found to be an effect modifier in the association between gentrification and mental health. Future research should tackle this study’s limitations by incorporating a direct measure of displacement in the gentrification status indicator, accounting for qualitative aspects of greenspace and user’s perceptions. Gentrification may undermine the health benefits provided by greenspace interventions. Keywords: greenspace; green space; mental health; gentrification; parks; greenways Author: Montserrat Zayas-Costa, Helen V. S. Cole, Isabelle Anguelovski, James J. T. Connolly, Xavier Bartoll and Margarita Triguero-Mas Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Sep 6 11:36:43 2021 CEST ModDate: Mon Sep 6 11:40:44 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 19 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 3058401 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- QHCARC+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 IATOCT+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 JBJCBZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 KCVEGM+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 LWQXII+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 32 0 IRWHZX+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 35 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 57 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 61 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 65 0 CQZHQA+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 83 0 URYLRZ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 93 0 QCNVTH+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 122 0 ZJZJVX+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 126 0 DKGDZV+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 130 0 GIGFZE+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 134 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-03-10 03:05:08 CET RepresentationInformation: ijenvrespubhea_a2021v18n17p9314.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-02-04 11:41:35 CET Size: 3058401 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 431 FreeObjects: 3 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Are Greenspaces Always Associated with Health Benefits for Urban Residents? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Are Greenspaces Associated with Neighborhood Gentrification Processes? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Is Gentrification Associated with the Health of Urban Residents? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Gentrification as an Effect Modifier of the Association between Greenspaces and Health Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Specific Aims Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Children: Item: Title: Study Design and Population Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Data Sources Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Children: Item: Title: Health Data Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Greenspace Exposure Data Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Gentrification Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Covariates Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Children: Item: Title: Study Characteristics Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: Model Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Children: Item: Title: Are Greenspaces Associated with the Health of Urban Residents? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: Are Greenspaces Associated with Neighborhood Gentrification Processes? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: Gentrification as an Effect Modifier of the Association between Greenspacesand Health Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Item: Title: SES as an Effect Modifier of the Association between Gentrification and Health Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: Sensitivity Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Children: Item: Title: Greenspace Mental Health Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Item: Title: Gentrification Mental Health Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1060b431 Item: Title: Effect Modification of Gentrification Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612679d6 Item: Title: Strengths and Limitations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@11758f2a Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@e720b71 Item: Title: Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1b26f7b2 Item: Title: Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@491cc5c9 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@74ad1f1f Info: Title: Mental Health Outcomes in Barcelona: The Interplay between Gentrification and Greenspace Author: Montserrat Zayas-Costa, Helen V. S. Cole, Isabelle Anguelovski, James J. T. Connolly, Xavier Bartoll and Margarita Triguero-Mas Subject: Greenspace is widely related to mental health benefits, but this relationship may vary by social group. Gentrification, as linked to processes of unequal urban development and conflict, potentially impacts health outcomes. This study explores the relationships between greenspace and mental health and between gentrification and mental health associations. It also further examines gentrification as an effect modifier in the greenspace mental health association and SES as an effect modifier in the gentrification-mental health association. We used cross-sectional Barcelona (Spain) data from 2006, which included perceived mental health status and self-reported depression/anxiety from the Barcelona Health Survey. Greenspace exposure was measured as residential access to(1) all greenspace, (2) greenways and (3) parks in 2006. Census-tract level gentrification was measured using an index including changes in sociodemographic indicators between 1991 and 2006. Logistic regression models revealed that only greenways were associated with better mental health outcomes, with no significant relationship between mental health and parks or all greenspace. Living in gentrifying neighborhoods was protective for depression/anxiety compared to living in non-gentrifying neighborhoods. However, only residents of gentrifiable census tracts benefited from the exposure to greenways. SES was not found to be an effect modifier in the association between gentrification and mental health. Future research should tackle this study’s limitations by incorporating a direct measure of displacement in the gentrification status indicator, accounting for qualitative aspects of greenspace and user’s perceptions. Gentrification may undermine the health benefits provided by greenspace interventions. 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