8e21fbdbf9ec9fd14388eed9b2684e76 brasci_a2021v11n10p1273.pdf 0eb232f4771b0a9eae9c6631dd73d7e7a4a2a228 brasci_a2021v11n10p1273.pdf 7bc0ca06a9ad583794416e396fc8fb485cf2da6ba9df9f5a59bb11af56063e69 brasci_a2021v11n10p1273.pdf Title: The Neurobiological Basis of Cognitive Side Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Systematic Review Subject: Decades of research have consistently demonstrated the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), but its clinical use remains somewhat restricted because of its cognitive side effects. The aim of this systematic review is to comprehensively summarize current evidence assessing potential biomarkers of ECT-related cognitive side effects. Based on our systematic search of human studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge, a total of 29 studies evaluating patients with MDD undergoing ECT were reviewed. Molecular biomarkers studies did not consistently identify concentration changes in plasma S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), or A peptides significantly associated with cognitive performance after ECT. Importantly, these findings suggest that ECT-related cognitive side effects cannot be explained by mechanisms of neural cell damage. Notwithstanding, S-100b protein and A40 peptide concentrations, as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphisms, have been suggested as potential predictive biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction after ECT. In addition, recent advances in brain imaging have allowed us to identify ECT-induced volumetric and functional changes in several brain structures closely related to memory performance such as the hippocampus. We provide a preliminary framework to further evaluate neurobiological cognitive vulnerability profiles of patients with MDD treated with ECT. Keywords: electroconvulsive therapy; ECT; memory; cognitive impairment; side effects; MDD; biomarkers; hippocampus; NSE; S-100 Author: Adriana Bassa, Teresa Sagués, Daniel Porta-Casteràs, Pilar Serra, Erika Martínez-Amorós, Diego J. Palao, Marta Cano and Narcís Cardoner Creator: LaTeX with hyperref package Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.18 CreationDate: Tue Oct 19 04:17:58 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Oct 19 04:21:16 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 523877 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- KORLVE+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 LWLIVD+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 15 0 UKMRIJ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 ZXEYII+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 GDYRNJ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 ZSBPMM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 SLUQMQ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 40 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 70 0 EBLCPC+TimesNewRomanPSMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 96 0 EBLBHD+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 102 0 EBLBIE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 108 0 EBLBIF+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 114 0 EBLBIG+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 117 0 EBLBIH+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 120 0 TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT TrueType WinAnsi no no no 123 0 EBLCPB+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 125 0 HHFREY+EURM7 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 137 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-02-10 02:29:52 CET RepresentationInformation: brasci_a2021v11n10p1273.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-02-04 13:09:06 CET Size: 523877 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 354 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Children: Item: Title: Genetic and Molecular Biomarkers Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Children: Item: Title: Protein S-100 and Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: A Peptides Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Genetics Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Cortisol Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Neuroimaging-Based Biomarkers Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Children: Item: Title: Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Info: Title: The Neurobiological Basis of Cognitive Side Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Systematic Review Author: Adriana Bassa, Teresa Sagués, Daniel Porta-Casteràs, Pilar Serra, Erika Martínez-Amorós, Diego J. Palao, Marta Cano and Narcís Cardoner Subject: Decades of research have consistently demonstrated the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), but its clinical use remains somewhat restricted because of its cognitive side effects. The aim of this systematic review is to comprehensively summarize current evidence assessing potential biomarkers of ECT-related cognitive side effects. Based on our systematic search of human studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge, a total of 29 studies evaluating patients with MDD undergoing ECT were reviewed. Molecular biomarkers studies did not consistently identify concentration changes in plasma S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), or A peptides significantly associated with cognitive performance after ECT. Importantly, these findings suggest that ECT-related cognitive side effects cannot be explained by mechanisms of neural cell damage. Notwithstanding, S-100b protein and A40 peptide concentrations, as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphisms, have been suggested as potential predictive biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction after ECT. In addition, recent advances in brain imaging have allowed us to identify ECT-induced volumetric and functional changes in several brain structures closely related to memory performance such as the hippocampus. We provide a preliminary framework to further evaluate neurobiological cognitive vulnerability profiles of patients with MDD treated with ECT. 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