5019da6fd625a03a91122d535138dab5 games_a2021v12n4p76.pdf ea5ed7f1d1f5198d802c43b93df52849efee2f6f games_a2021v12n4p76.pdf 3b38a5edcbfa86a489766dc55457a0062eff0134c5ed85a28b9b798f09452a14 games_a2021v12n4p76.pdf Title: The Number of Parties and Decision-Making in Legislatures Subject: This paper proposes a model of a legislature, formed by several parties, which has to vote for or against a certain bill in the presence of a lobbyist interested in a certain vote outcome. We show that the ease with which the lobbyist can manipulate a legislature decision increases with the number of elected parties, and, consequently, decreases with an electoral threshold. On the other hand, a lower electoral threshold increases the representativeness of a legislature. We combine these two effects in a notion of fairness. We show the existence of an electoral threshold that optimizes the fairness of a political system, which is close to 1–5%. Namely, the optimal threshold (in our sense) is close to thresholds that exist in most parliamentary democracies. Keywords: voting; legislature; lobbyist; parties Author: Marina Bannikova, Artyom Jelnov and Pavel Jelnov Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Nov 4 07:41:19 2021 CET ModDate: Thu Nov 4 08:42:43 2021 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 10 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 348584 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YQSXDN+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 CRPSXK+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 OYSMVU+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 RIPDHW+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 27 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 44 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 48 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 52 0 QPOTJF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 67 0 VOLJVO+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 74 0 IPJDRQ+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 78 0 SYFPBV+CMMI10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 82 0 SOSTRQ+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 86 0 NFCCQF+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 93 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-03-10 03:04:57 CET RepresentationInformation: games_a2021v12n4p76.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-02-04 13:09:21 CET Size: 348584 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 202 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Model and Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Children: Item: Title: Number of Parties Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Children: Item: Title: Analytical Result Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Numerical Result Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Given Electoral Threshold Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Final Remarks Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Info: Title: The Number of Parties and Decision-Making in Legislatures Author: Marina Bannikova, Artyom Jelnov and Pavel Jelnov Subject: This paper proposes a model of a legislature, formed by several parties, which has to vote for or against a certain bill in the presence of a lobbyist interested in a certain vote outcome. We show that the ease with which the lobbyist can manipulate a legislature decision increases with the number of elected parties, and, consequently, decreases with an electoral threshold. On the other hand, a lower electoral threshold increases the representativeness of a legislature. We combine these two effects in a notion of fairness. We show the existence of an electoral threshold that optimizes the fairness of a political system, which is close to 1 5%. Namely, the optimal threshold (in our sense) is close to thresholds that exist in most parliamentary democracies. 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