b6485b8026a0eaebc34d5f3a3d01f177 sustainability_a2021v13n21p11837.pdf 487022995ff798fb20e526e5530a1cd2c38e9649 sustainability_a2021v13n21p11837.pdf 7c31da816ed8eaaff34759b10d2c354b64644d1f8b805e9fca8597cda1a57bb9 sustainability_a2021v13n21p11837.pdf Title: Evolution of the Digital Attention Market in the Pandemic: A Comparative Study of Young Spanish University Students (2019–2021) Subject: The business figures linked to the economy of big companies have shown that large technology platforms are some of the few major beneficiaries of the global economic crisis generated by COVID-19. The study compares biannual results of digital consumption and links user monitoring methods with the realization of qualitative focus groups. It analyses the evolution of the consumption of digital tools (mainly social media) by young university students in Spain between 2019 and 2021. The results of the comparative study show a 36% increase in the time spent using digital applications between the two years studied, as well as a greater concentration of time spent on a few platforms. The qualitative results indicate a self-declaration of addictive dependence on the use of social media; an increasing trend in declaring that youngsters have no interest in stopping their use of these platforms, and a justification that technology companies may not pay the user for the content and data they subsequently use to generate revenue in exchange for personal privacy. This behaviour describes the consolidation of the attention economy concept, which denotates a discursive appropriation of the university students who justify a part of the economic, social, and cultural domination that the technological giants carry out. Keywords: biannual comparative analysis; COVID-19; technological platforms; attention economy; social media; youth; oligopolies Author: Cristina Fernández-Rovira and Santiago Giraldo-Luque Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Oct 26 14:20:47 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Oct 26 14:35:07 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 309465 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- LRUEER+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 UONUWH+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 PFIDTO+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 GPYUIM+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 AIQCCL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 IZBVAO+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 FXXUVH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 93 0 LDHCMG+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 116 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-02-19 02:29:37 CET RepresentationInformation: sustainability_a2021v13n21p11837.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-02-16 12:17:09 CET Size: 309465 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 305 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Info: Title: Evolution of the Digital Attention Market in the Pandemic: A Comparative Study of Young Spanish University Students (2019 2021) Author: Cristina Fernández-Rovira and Santiago Giraldo-Luque Subject: The business figures linked to the economy of big companies have shown that large technology platforms are some of the few major beneficiaries of the global economic crisis generated by COVID-19. The study compares biannual results of digital consumption and links user monitoring methods with the realization of qualitative focus groups. It analyses the evolution of the consumption of digital tools (mainly social media) by young university students in Spain between 2019 and 2021. The results of the comparative study show a 36% increase in the time spent using digital applications between the two years studied, as well as a greater concentration of time spent on a few platforms. The qualitative results indicate a self-declaration of addictive dependence on the use of social media; an increasing trend in declaring that youngsters have no interest in stopping their use of these platforms, and a justification that technology companies may not pay the user for the content and data they subsequently use to generate revenue in exchange for personal privacy. This behaviour describes the consolidation of the attention economy concept, which denotates a discursive appropriation of the university students who justify a part of the economic, social, and cultural domination that the technological giants carry out. Keywords: biannual comparative analysis; COVID-19; technological platforms; attention economy; social media; youth; oligopolies Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Oct 26 14:20:47 CEST 2021 ModDate: Tue Oct 26 14:35:07 CEST 2021 ID: 0xf17bedf72a21f26bb28f88c8ea95c19d, 0xf17bedf72a21f26bb28f88c8ea95c19d Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: PFIDTO+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 150 FontDescriptor: FontName: PFIDTO+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: LDHCMG+VnURWPalladioL-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 161 LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: LDHCMG+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: GPYUIM+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 241 FontDescriptor: FontName: GPYUIM+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: LRUEER+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 129 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: LRUEER+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: AIQCCL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 161 LastChar: 161 FontDescriptor: FontName: AIQCCL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: FXXUVH+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: FXXUVH+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: UONUWH+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 44 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: UONUWH+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 759, 178, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 759, 560, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 162, 643, 173, 656 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 58, 346, 154, 355 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 336, 68, 343 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 162, 97, 184 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 153, 89, 154, 98 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 77, 147, 86 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 224, 410, 233 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 192, 99, 199, 108 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 99, 310, 108 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 138, 17, 275, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 387, 17, 558, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 435, 87, 454 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 192, 737, 199, 746 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 313, 712, 320, 721 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 686, 522, 695 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 335, 599, 342, 608 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 548, 548, 555, 557 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 423, 505, 432 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 231, 310, 238, 319 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 247, 513, 256 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 269, 209, 276, 218 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 209, 408, 218 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 122, 270, 131 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 233, 96, 240, 105 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 84, 455, 93 ActionDest: 113 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 223, 722, 235, 731 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 218, 685, 230, 694 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 330, 660, 342, 669 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 660, 532, 669 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 572, 545, 581 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 293, 471, 305, 480 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 305, 471, 317, 480 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 425, 471, 437, 480 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 446, 438, 455 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 438, 446, 450, 455 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 433, 352, 442 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 433, 555, 442 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 326, 421, 338, 430 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 492, 408, 504, 417 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 321, 395, 333, 405 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 443, 333, 455, 342 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 308, 556, 317 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 220, 337, 229 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 220, 350, 229 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 488, 207, 499, 216 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 207, 556, 216 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 216, 170, 227, 179 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 523, 170, 534, 179 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 94, 208, 103 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 321, 69, 333, 78 ActionDest: 120 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 531, 735, 543, 744 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 735, 555, 744 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 697, 336, 706 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 262, 672, 274, 681 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 634, 556, 643 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 420, 584, 432, 593 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 349, 572, 361, 581 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 394, 572, 406, 581 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 364, 559, 376, 568 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 227, 534, 239, 543 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 534, 252, 543 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 430, 534, 442, 543 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 522, 510, 530 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 382, 509, 394, 518 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 509, 555, 518 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 434, 496, 446, 505 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 496, 459, 505 ActionDest: 120 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 421, 634, 433, 643 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 217, 622, 229, 631 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 621, 241, 631 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 366, 584, 378, 593 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 379, 584, 391, 593 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 391, 584, 403, 593 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 298, 345, 310, 354 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 323, 308, 335, 317 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 335, 308, 347, 317 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 308, 359, 317 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 295, 461, 304 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 295, 505, 304 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 548, 295, 555, 304 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 218, 283, 230, 292 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 233, 283, 245, 292 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 236, 94, 248, 103 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 251, 94, 263, 103 ActionDest: 120 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 251, 277, 258, 289 ActionDest: 87 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 271, 732, 278, 744 ActionDest: 87 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 268, 556, 275, 568 ActionDest: 90 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 504, 496, 511, 506 ActionDest: 87 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 531, 496, 538, 506 ActionDest: 90 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 504, 212, 511, 224 ActionDest: 97 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 551, 199, 558, 211 ActionDest: 97 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 327, 136, 334, 148 ActionDest: 97 Page: Sequence: 8 Page: Sequence: 9 Page: Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 423, 365, 430, 374 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 431, 364, 443, 374 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 443, 365, 455, 374 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 456, 364, 468, 374 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 505, 314, 517, 323 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 471, 264, 478, 273 ActionDest: 113 Page: Sequence: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 186, 735, 198, 744 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 251, 735, 263, 744 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 323, 735, 335, 744 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 345, 710, 357, 719 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 503, 710, 515, 719 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 531, 672, 543, 681 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 672, 556, 681 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 211, 572, 223, 581 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 223, 572, 235, 581 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 236, 572, 248, 581 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 428, 534, 440, 543 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 512, 484, 524, 493 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 531, 471, 543, 480 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 471, 556, 480 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 341, 433, 353, 443 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 545, 408, 556, 417 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 253, 396, 265, 405 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 248, 383, 260, 392 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 307, 371, 319, 380 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 369, 308, 381, 317 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 382, 308, 394, 317 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 394, 308, 406, 317 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 264, 270, 276, 279 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 258, 258, 270, 267 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 270, 258, 282, 267 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 388, 258, 400, 267 ActionDest: 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 245, 457, 254 ActionDest: 120 Page: Sequence: 12 Page: Sequence: 13 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 476, 560, 487 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 465, 125, 476 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 503, 453, 560, 464 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 442, 437, 453 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 151, 419, 495, 430 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 353, 396, 438, 407 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 75, 373, 560, 384 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 430, 350, 561, 361 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 494, 327, 532, 338 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 99, 305, 137, 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 334, 258, 371, 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 166, 235, 204, 246 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 409, 212, 447, 223 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 166, 560, 177 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 154, 140, 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 269, 62, 307, 73 Page: Sequence: 14 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 664, 169, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 153, 641, 190, 651 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 234, 617, 271, 628 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 233, 594, 270, 605 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 210, 572, 248, 582 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 172, 549, 210, 559 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 502, 485, 513 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 355, 456, 392, 467 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 503, 433, 541, 444 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 536, 410, 560, 421 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 399, 220, 410 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 362, 387, 399, 398 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 365, 132, 375 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 294, 341, 332, 352 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 252, 318, 290, 329 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 296, 318, 332, 329 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 168, 296, 205, 306 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 284, 560, 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 272, 107, 283 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 249, 397, 260 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 238, 483, 249 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 226, 560, 237 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 215, 177, 226 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 158, 192, 561, 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 348, 157, 386, 168 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 243, 134, 281, 145 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 287, 134, 323, 145 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 378, 111, 415, 122 Checksum: 32d3aeb2 Type: CRC32 Checksum: b6485b8026a0eaebc34d5f3a3d01f177 Type: MD5 Checksum: 487022995ff798fb20e526e5530a1cd2c38e9649 Type: SHA-1