a7d80a0467505ac0cafdbf8566a3e228 255526.pdf 8869753428c35125d5323123a35db08ac74effc7 255526.pdf aa8d3d5c3166695d05643cd15aa4bbd91f3cde66ec0c41e79bc67efca1c98106 255526.pdf Title: Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology and Management of Cardiovascular Risk Subject: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, and cardiovascular risk (CVR) remains high even in T1DM patients with good metabolic control. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood and known risk factors seem to operate differently in T1DM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, evidence of cardiovascular risk assessment and management in T1DM patients often is extrapolated from studies on T2DM patients or the general population. In this review, we examine the existing literature about the prevalence of clinical and subclinical CVD, as well as current knowledge about potential risk factors involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in T1DM patients. We also discuss current approaches to the stratification and therapeutic management of CVR in T1DM patients. Chronic hyperglycemia plays an important role, but it is likely that other potential factors are involved in increased atherosclerosis and CVD in T1DM patients. Evidence on the estimation of 10-year and lifetime risk of CVD, as well as the efficiency and age at which current cardiovascular medications should be initiated in young T1DM patients, is very limited and clearly insufficient to establish evidence-based therapeutic approaches to CVD management. Keywords: type 1 diabetes; cardiovascular disease; prevalence; risk factor; lipoproteins; hyperglycemia; risk stratification; therapy; management Author: Cristina Colom, Anna Rull, José Luis Sanchez-Quesada and Antonio Pérez Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Apr 21 07:36:49 2021 CEST ModDate: Wed Apr 21 07:48:44 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 20 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 395528 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- CXHPAP+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 QDXCOQ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 YJHXNQ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 BTFGED+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 XPUSBJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 32 0 BSDWLC+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 35 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 57 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 61 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 65 0 KOSUXD+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 77 0 ACKGZT+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 115 0 IYUZYX+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 134 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-03-05 02:44:33 CET RepresentationInformation: 255526.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-03-04 11:19:25 CET Size: 395528 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 554 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease in T1DM Patients Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Clinical Atherosclerosis in T1DM Patients Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Preclinical or Subclinical Atherosclerosis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: CVD Risk Factors in T1DM Patients Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Children: Item: Title: Hyperglycemia Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Hypoglycemia and Glucose Variability Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Dyslipidemia Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: High Blood Pressure Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Diabetic Kidney Disease Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Assessment of CVR in T1DM Patients Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: CVD Prevention in T1DM Patients Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Info: Title: Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology and Management of Cardiovascular Risk Author: Cristina Colom, Anna Rull, José Luis Sanchez-Quesada and Antonio Pérez Subject: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, and cardiovascular risk (CVR) remains high even in T1DM patients with good metabolic control. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood and known risk factors seem to operate differently in T1DM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, evidence of cardiovascular risk assessment and management in T1DM patients often is extrapolated from studies on T2DM patients or the general population. In this review, we examine the existing literature about the prevalence of clinical and subclinical CVD, as well as current knowledge about potential risk factors involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in T1DM patients. We also discuss current approaches to the stratification and therapeutic management of CVR in T1DM patients. Chronic hyperglycemia plays an important role, but it is likely that other potential factors are involved in increased atherosclerosis and CVD in T1DM patients. Evidence on the estimation of 10-year and lifetime risk of CVD, as well as the efficiency and age at which current cardiovascular medications should be initiated in young T1DM patients, is very limited and clearly insufficient to establish evidence-based therapeutic approaches to CVD management. 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Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 247, 502, 284, 513 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 291, 502, 327, 513 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 469, 169, 479 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 446, 97, 456 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 411, 97, 421 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 388, 97, 398 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 388, 139, 398 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 390, 353, 428, 364 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 344, 318, 381, 329 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 387, 318, 423, 329 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 284, 557, 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 273, 95, 283 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 190, 238, 228, 249 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 100, 204, 137, 214 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 144, 204, 180, 214 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 169, 97, 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 169, 139, 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 385, 134, 422, 145 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 100, 97, 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 459, 77, 497, 88 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 503, 77, 539, 88 Page: Sequence: 20 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 699, 97, 709 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 105, 676, 142, 686 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 149, 676, 185, 686 Checksum: b30fabd1 Type: CRC32 Checksum: a7d80a0467505ac0cafdbf8566a3e228 Type: MD5 Checksum: 8869753428c35125d5323123a35db08ac74effc7 Type: SHA-1