c6256386ca21a70f2e7219bf78f1d9f7 minerals_a2021v11n12p1400.pdf a6a81aab28c9fc1071cb3bc44eea82fbc8783172 minerals_a2021v11n12p1400.pdf 3aea64d1b76a727004b6f66c0b9a6f8a160575c7f8ea4325ffe9da72b9f7e8ab minerals_a2021v11n12p1400.pdf Title: Exploring New Ways to Reconstruct the Forma Urbis Romae: An Archaeometric Approach (CL Color and Stable Isotope Analyses) Subject: The Forma Urbis Romae (F.U.) was a 3rd-century-AD monumental map of ancient Rome consisting of 151 rectangular marble slabs. Several efforts have been made to reconstruct it from its current incomplete and fragmentary condition. In this paper, we explore the potential of an archaeometric approach to serve this purpose. Almost a hundred F.U. fragments have been characterized, particularly focusing on cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and stable isotopes (18O and 13C). Different statistical methods have been used to quantify the similarity between samples. The central assumption is that samples from a given slab share similar CL colors and isotopic ratios. The assumption has been verified for samples from single fragments and then it has been used to check ten debated reconstruction hypotheses. The measured isotopic ratios confirm the Proconnesian nature of the F.U. marble, except for a fragment. Beyond provenance, the results cast doubts on four out of the ten checked reconstruction hypotheses and support the other six. The reconstruction of the F.U. remains a fascinating challenge, and both isotopic and CL analyses have demonstrated their potential to tackle it. Further research could extend the presented methodology to a higher number of samples. The innovative use of CL to reconstruct a fragmented artwork could be applied to other projects. Keywords: cathodoluminescence; isotopes; image processing; Forma Urbis Romae; archaeometry Author: Lluís Casas, Roberta Di Febo, Mauro Brilli, Francesca Giustini, Marco Gozzi, Francesca De Caprariis, Juan Diego Martín-Martín and Claudio Parisi Presicce Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Dec 14 02:36:16 2021 CET ModDate: Tue Dec 14 04:03:09 2021 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 27 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 5564203 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 XVFLSH+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 NKXLQD+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 19 0 ZRWFAV+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 ZYEBEK+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 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Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 740 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Children: Item: Title: The Forma Urbis Romae Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Archaeometry beyond Provenance Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Children: Item: Title: Studied Materials Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Children: Item: Title: Analytical Techniques Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Statistical Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Analytical Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Children: Item: Title: Petrography Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Isotopic Analyses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Cathodoluminescence (CL) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Statistical Results (CL) on Complementarity between Fragments Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Children: Item: Title: The CL Chromatic Range of Marbles from the F.U. Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Children: Item: Title: Samples from a Single Fragment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Samples That Presumably Belong to the Same Slab Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: Isolated Samples Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: Confidence Ellipses of Sample Groups Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: Histogram Analyses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Children: Item: Title: Provenance Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: Methods and Statistical Treatment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: Reconstruction Hypotheses and Future Work Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Info: Title: Exploring New Ways to Reconstruct the Forma Urbis Romae: An Archaeometric Approach (CL Color and Stable Isotope Analyses) Author: Lluís Casas, Roberta Di Febo, Mauro Brilli, Francesca Giustini, Marco Gozzi, Francesca De Caprariis, Juan Diego Martín-Martín and Claudio Parisi Presicce Subject: The Forma Urbis Romae (F.U.) was a 3rd-century-AD monumental map of ancient Rome consisting of 151 rectangular marble slabs. Several efforts have been made to reconstruct it from its current incomplete and fragmentary condition. In this paper, we explore the potential of an archaeometric approach to serve this purpose. Almost a hundred F.U. fragments have been characterized, particularly focusing on cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and stable isotopes (18O and 13C). Different statistical methods have been used to quantify the similarity between samples. The central assumption is that samples from a given slab share similar CL colors and isotopic ratios. The assumption has been verified for samples from single fragments and then it has been used to check ten debated reconstruction hypotheses. The measured isotopic ratios confirm the Proconnesian nature of the F.U. marble, except for a fragment. Beyond provenance, the results cast doubts on four out of the ten checked reconstruction hypotheses and support the other six. The reconstruction of the F.U. remains a fascinating challenge, and both isotopic and CL analyses have demonstrated their potential to tackle it. Further research could extend the presented methodology to a higher number of samples. The innovative use of CL to reconstruct a fragmented artwork could be applied to other projects. 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