028ec5afb90973cdf49ddff27b76de11 animals_a2021v11n12p3493.pdf 16f0ebe5cd3d8a26d0889a0e65f7f42f52d68d5b animals_a2021v11n12p3493.pdf 8d2d428534d3487c023a60d7117db31b145b59738b24067584681bed385c741f animals_a2021v11n12p3493.pdf Title: Inflammatory Markers in Uterine Lavage Fluids of Pregnant, Non-Pregnant, and Intrauterine Device Implanted Mares on Days 10 and 15 Post Ovulation Subject: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are used in mares to suppress oestrous behaviour, but the underlying mechanism is yet to be elucidated. The presence of an embryo or an IUD prevents cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and, subsequently, prostaglandin (PG) release and luteolysis. However, inflammation may also be involved. Endometrial inflammatory markers in uterine lavage fluid were measured on Day 10 (EXP 1, n = 25) and Day 15 (EXP 2, n = 27) after ovulation in inseminated mares, non-pregnant or pregnant, and in mares in which a small plastic sphere had been inserted into the uterus 4 (EXP 1) or 3 days (EXP 2) after ovulation. Uterine lavage fluid samples were analysed for nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (only EXP 1), prostaglandin F2 (PGF2), inhibin A and cytokines, and blood samples for progesterone and oestradiol. On Day 10, the concentration of PGF2 was lower (p < 0.05) in the IUD group than in pregnant mares. The concentration of the modulatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly higher in the IUD group in comparison to non-pregnant mares, and inhibin A was significantly higher in IUD mares than in the pregnant counterparts on Day 15. The results suggest that the presence of IUD causes endometrial inflammation which is at a resolution stage on Day 15. Keywords: intrauterine device; inflammation; prostaglandins; cytokines; IL-10; inhibin A Author: Maria Montserrat Rivera del Alamo, Tiina Reilas, Karolina Lukasik, Antonio M. Galvão, Marc Yeste and Terttu Katila Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Dec 17 05:51:21 2021 CET ModDate: Fri Dec 17 05:53:48 2021 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 10 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 288314 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- IHGURL+EURM7 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 10 0 OUAGFU+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 14 0 MZCQWP+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 PWVYVO+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 ARBXGW+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 27 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 QDCWHF+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 78 0 FYZIQU+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 URYLRZ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 95 0 DGJBWR+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 108 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-03-10 03:02:12 CET RepresentationInformation: animals_a2021v11n12p3493.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-02-24 12:41:11 CET Size: 288314 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 285 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Animals Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Experimental Design Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Children: Item: Title: Experiment 1 Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Experiment 2 Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Analyses in Lavage Fluid Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Analyses in Blood Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Children: Item: Title: Experiment 1 Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Experiment 2 Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Info: Title: Inflammatory Markers in Uterine Lavage Fluids of Pregnant, Non-Pregnant, and Intrauterine Device Implanted Mares on Days 10 and 15 Post Ovulation Author: Maria Montserrat Rivera del Alamo, Tiina Reilas, Karolina Lukasik, Antonio M. Galvão, Marc Yeste and Terttu Katila Subject: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are used in mares to suppress oestrous behaviour, but the underlying mechanism is yet to be elucidated. The presence of an embryo or an IUD prevents cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and, subsequently, prostaglandin (PG) release and luteolysis. However, inflammation may also be involved. Endometrial inflammatory markers in uterine lavage fluid were measured on Day 10 (EXP 1, n = 25) and Day 15 (EXP 2, n = 27) after ovulation in inseminated mares, non-pregnant or pregnant, and in mares in which a small plastic sphere had been inserted into the uterus 4 (EXP 1) or 3 days (EXP 2) after ovulation. Uterine lavage fluid samples were analysed for nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (only EXP 1), prostaglandin F2 (PGF2), inhibin A and cytokines, and blood samples for progesterone and oestradiol. On Day 10, the concentration of PGF2 was lower (p < 0.05) in the IUD group than in pregnant mares. The concentration of the modulatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly higher in the IUD group in comparison to non-pregnant mares, and inhibin A was significantly higher in IUD mares than in the pregnant counterparts on Day 15. The results suggest that the presence of IUD causes endometrial inflammation which is at a resolution stage on Day 15. 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