HORTSCIENCE 56(9):1132–1133. 2021. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15883-21 portions and warm conditions similar to the Mediterranean area (32  C mean summer daily TERRAM and LUX Series: Four system and 300–400 mm annual rainfall) and to have high-quality fruit both at harvest and after cold storage, with the ultimate goal of satisfying Yellow-fleshed and Three White- consumers. As a result of this collaborative fleshed Peaches effort, the ASF-IRTA scion peach breeding pro- gram has released the TERRAM and LUX series of yellow- and white-fleshed peaches, Carolina Font i Forcada, Gemma Reig, and Christian Fontich respectively. Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Fruitcentre, Lleida, Spain These seven new peach cultivars produce attractive, colored fruits with yellow or white Ignasi Batlle flesh. The yellow-fleshed TERRAM peaches Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Mas Bove, Tarragona, Spain include several cultivars with a balanced or acidic flavor, and a more recently devel- Sim o Alegre oped range of cultivars with sweet taste, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Fruitcentre, Lleida, Spain good firmness, barely any hairiness on the epidermis, and a high level of skin colora- Celia M. Cantın tion (Font i Forcada et al., 2013, 2019; Reig Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Fruitcentre, Lleida, Spain; et al., 2015). With the LUX series, the har- and Aragonese Agency for Research and Development Foundation (ARAID), vesting calendar is progressively com- pleted, with cultivars of high coloration, Zaragoza, Spain; and Center for Research and Agrifood Technology of sweet taste, good pulp consistency, aptitude Aragon (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain for handling, and good production. This progressively greater coloration represents Iban Eduardo an important change with respect to the tra- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Fruitcentre, Lleida, Spain; ditional bicolor cultivars, with less colora- and Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG)-Superior Council tion, and a balanced and aromatic flavor. of Scientific Investigations (CSIC)-Institute of Agrifood Research and TERRAM and LUX peach cultivars will Technology (IRTA)-Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)-University of supply high-quality, firm, attractive fruit over 9 weeks, from early July until mid- Barcelona (UB), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain September, in the medium chilling zone of Joaquim Carb o Ebro Valley and other production regions with similar climatic conditions. Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Mas Badia, Girona, Spain Arsene Maillard and Laurence Maillard Origin Agro Selections Fruits (ASF), La Prade de Mousseillous, Elne, France Regarding TERRAM peaches, ‘TERRAM Joan Bonany 2902’ was a seedling from EP 01.27.83.97 Pj  ASF 01.07.33.01 Nj, ‘TERRAM 3401’ Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Mas Badia, Girona, was from ASF 02.04.55.02 Pj  58GC76, Spain ‘TERRAM 3601’ was from ‘Ryan Sun’  open pollination, and ‘TERRAM 3701’ was Additional index words. color, fruit quality, maturity, production, Prunus persica from ASF 01.06.39.99 Pj  ASF 01.07.33.01 Nj. For LUX peaches, ‘LUX 2902’ was a seedling from ASF 02.04.32.02 Pj  ASF 02.10.66.02 Nb, ‘LUX 3502’ was from ASF In Spain, peach [Prunus persica (L.) important Spanish peach regions within Ebro 03.13.07.04 Pb  open pollination, and ‘LUX Batsch] production has experienced an Valley, producing 430,000 and 409,000 3501’ was from ASF 01.05.05.98 Pb  ASF increase of 30% during the past 20 years tons annually, respectively (MAPAMA, 01.24.93.02 Nj. [Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environ- 2021). Spain is the leading European peach ment (MAPAMA), 2021]. In 2018, the total producer and the world’s largest exporter, Description peach cultivated surface area was 50,000 with a crop value of almost USD 1 billion. ha, with the majority of peach production The varietal renovation carried out in Spain Phenotypic and morphologic descriptors located in Ebro Valley, northeastern Spain. in the last 20 years is unique worldwide. Spain (tree, flower, leaf, and fruit traits) developed by Aragon and Catalonia are the two most started its own scion breeding program about the International Union for the Protection of 12 years ago to gain access to novelties, to New Varieties and Plants (UPOV, 2010) and Received for publication 30 Mar. 2021. Accepted reduce cost of royalties, and to guarantee adap- the Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO, for publication 11 June 2021. tation to local growing conditions. With the 2015) were used to describe TERRAM and Published online 20 August 2021. goal of developing high-quality cultivars well- LUX peach series (Supplemental Table 1). This research was supported by the Research adapted to the locally hot climate, the Catalan TERRAM series peach (yellow-fleshed) are Centers of Catalonia (CERCA) Program/Gener- peach industry in 2004 initiated the joint Agro moderately vigorous, except ‘TERRAM 3601’, alitat of Catalonia. We also thank FruitFutur Selections Fruits (ASF)-Institute of Agrifood which is less vigorous and has spreading habit (Spain) for their support to the breeding program Research and Technology (IRTA) breeding similar to ‘TERRAM 2902’. Full bloom occurs and FruitFutur members for their help during the program located at Gimenells, Lleida, a major during March, and harvesting dates are whole trialing process carried out at Gimenells. center of peach production in Spain (Batlle between July and September (Table 1). C.F.F. and G.R. contributed equally. C.F.F. is the corresponding author. E-mail: et al., 2012; Cantın et al., 2017). The objective LUX series peach (white-fleshed) are mod- carolina.font@irta.cat. of the ASF-IRTA scion peach breeding pro- erately vigorous and have spreading habit. This is an open access article distributed under the gram was to develop new cultivars adapted to Full bloom occurs during March, and harvest- CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons. chilling areas between zones with 1000 and ing dates are between July and September org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1500 chill units or between 42 and 75 chill (Table 1). 1132 HORTSCIENCE VOL. 56(9) SEPTEMBER 2021 Table 1. Comparison of several characteristics of the TERRAM and LUX peach series with the commercial standard ‘Sweet Dream’ and ‘Summer Sweet’ trialed at the Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Spain. TERRAM TERRAM TERRAM TERRAM Sweet Summer Trait 2902 3401 3601 3701 LUX 2902 LUX 3501 LUX 3502 Dreamz Sweetz Flowering period 7–16 Mar. 9–20 Mar. 11–23 Mar. 10–19 Mar. 8–15 Mar. 11–21 Mar. 10–21 Mar. 4–25 Mar. 5–22 Mar. Harvest period 7–28 July 13–17 Aug. 31 Aug.– 7–27 Sept. 10–31 July 26 Aug.– 22 Aug.– 23 July– 27 June– 15 Sept. 6 Sept. 9 Sept. 14 Aug. 19 July Yield (kg/tree) 67.7 73.6 64.5 58.5 73.9 71.7 87.8 62.0 32.0 Flesh firmness (N) 53.9 51.7 59.8 54.9 52.9 61.7 57.8 40.9 46.7 Soluble solids ( Brix) 10.8 11.3 11.6 11.3 10.5 11.7 11.1 10.5 14.8 Acidity (gL–1 malic 4.4 3.3 2.4 3.9 3.8 3.0 2.6 3.5 2.7 aid) Red blush (%) 80–100 70–90 70–80 30–60 90–100 80–90 80–100 90–100 90–95 Dominant caliber (mm) 75–80 80–85 80–85 75–80 75–80 80–85 75–80 >85 75–80 z Reference cultivar. For both peach series, there is no need for is bicolored, with a rounded shape. The releases peach breeding programme IRTA-ASF: Aiming thinning at full bloom, as fruit thinning will generally had rounded pistil tip except for for high fruit quality. Acta Hort. 940:75–78, doi: effectively optimize fruit size. ‘LUX 3501’ (Supplemental Fig. 1). 10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.940.8. Postharvest performance. Thirty fruits Cantın, C., C. Fontich, I. Batlle, I. Iglesias, R. Dol- from the first harvest of each cultivar were cet-Sanjuan, S. Alegre, J. Carbo, J. Bonany, A. Performance Maillard, and L. Maillard. 2017. The joint kept at 0.5  C for 30 d, followed by 2 d at IRTA-ASF peach breeding program: Outstand- All seven cultivars were originally selected 20  C. Each fruit was scored based on visual ing quality fruit adapted to the Mediterranean as seedlings grown at selection plots, and then rating of chilling injury symptoms (mealiness conditions. Acta Hort. 1172:151–154, doi: grafted onto ‘Cadaman’ rootstock after selec- and internal browning). Each cultivar was 10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1172.29. tion, being the fifth most used rootstock in the classified as having a good, moderate, or Community Plant Variety Office. 2015. Protocol Ebro Valley’s (Reig et al., 2013). Trees of each poor long-term performance. The white- for tests on distinctness, uniformity and stabil- selection were placed in an experimental fleshed peaches ‘LUX 2902’ and ‘LUX ity. TP/053/2 Rev. orchard belonging to the Institute of Agrifood 3501’ were the least susceptible to chilling Font i Forcada, C., Y. Gogorcena, and M.A. Moreno. Research and Technology (IRTA)-Fruitcentre, injury after long periods of cold storage (Sup- 2013. Fruit sugar profile and antioxidants of located in Gimenells, northeastern Spain (lat. plemental Table 1). peach and nectarine cultivars on almond  peach 41 39'18.7700 N, long. 0 23'31.4100 E; elevation, hybrid rootstocks. Scientia Hort. 164:563–572, 230 m). The trees were trained to an open or Availability doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2013.10.020. Catalan vase system (Iglesias, 2019) and were Font i Forcada, C., G. Reig, R. Gimenez, P. spaced at 5  3 m. Each year, the trees The cultivars are protected by the Com- Mignard, L. Mestre, and M.A. Moreno. 2019. received integrated pest management. The Sugars and organic acids profile and antioxidant munity Plant Varieties Office with the fol- quantitative data summarize the average values compounds of nectarine fruits influenced by dif- lowing registration numbers: 20132986 for for 9 years collected on full-size trees. ferent rootstocks. Scientia Hort. 248:145–153, ‘TERRAM 2902’, 20132982 for ‘TERRAM doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2018.12.010. Maturity time. ‘TERRAM 2902’ and 3401’, 20113176 for ‘TERRAM 3601’, Iglesias, I. 2019. Sistemas de plantacion 2D: ‘LUX 2902’ are midseason cultivars, whereas 20132981 for ‘TERRAM 3701’, 29132983 Una novedad en almendro, una realidad en the other three TERRAM and other two LUX for ‘LUX 2902’, 20113181 for ‘LUX 3501’, frutales: Hacia una alta eficiencia. Rev. Fru- cultivars are considered late-season cultivars and 20122742 for ‘LUX 3502’. tic. 67:23–44. (Table 1). Their fruit development periods Virus-free plants are available from nurser- International Union for the Protection of New (FDP) is noted in Supplemental Table 1. ies authorized by the Institute of Agrifood Varieties of Plants. 2010. Guidelines for the Yield. The trees were harvested at two to Research and Technology (IRTA, Spain). The conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and three picks separated by 3 to 5 d, except ‘LUX plant material was laboratory-tested and stability to peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. 2902’ and ‘LUX 3502’, which—with adequate showed negative results for Agrobacterium TG/53/7 Rev. International Union for the Pro- field management—can be harvested in only tumefaciens [via reverse transcription–poly- tection of New Varieties of Plants, Geneva, one or two picks. After harvesting, the entire Switzerland. 21 June 2021. . for fruit size and weight using a commercial Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment immunosorbent assay (ELISA)], Candidatus (MAPAMA). 2021. Mar. 2021. . Spain). Under our conditions, all seven peach latent mosaic viroid (via molecular hybridiza- Reig, G., S. Alegre, F. Gatius, and I. Iglesias. cultivars stood out for their high productivity tion), Plum pox virus (via ELISA), Prune 2013. Agronomical performance under Medi- and good fruit size, regardless of their harvest dwarf virus (via ELISA), Prunus Necrotic ring terranean climatic conditions among peach season (Table 1). spot virus (via ELISA), Xanthomonas arbori- [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars origi- Fruit quality. Fruits of all seven cultivars cola pv. pruni (via RT-PCR), and Xylella fas- nated from different breeding programmes. were examined at commercial maturity using Scientia Hort. 150:267–277, doi: 10.1016/ samples of 12 fruits per cultivar. All the culti- tidiosa (via RT-PCR). j.scienta.2012.11.006. vars were generally found to be sweeter than Reig, G., S. Alegre, F. Gatius, and I. Iglesias. current commercial cultivars within the same Literature Cited 2015. Adaptability of peach cultivars [Prunus harvest period, juicier, more aromatic, and firm Batlle, I., C. Fontich, L. Lozano, I. Iglesias, G. Reig, persica (L.) Batsch] to the climatic conditions (Table 1, Supplemental Table 1). All the fruit S. Alegre, G. Echeverrıa, F. de Herralde, E. of the Ebro Valley, with special focus on fruit evaluated had red skin color covered greater Claveria, R. Dolcet-Sanjuan, J. Carbo, J. quality. Scientia Hort. 190:149–160, doi: than 95% except for ‘TERRAM 3701’, which Bonany, A. Maillard, and L. Maillard. 2012. The 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.04.019. HORTSCIENCE VOL. 56(9) SEPTEMBER 2021 1133 Supplemental Fig. 1. Typical fruit appearance of commercially ripe TERRAM and LUX peach series: (A) ‘TERRAM 2902’, (B) ‘TERRAM 3401’, (C) ‘TERRAM 3601’, (D) ‘TERRAM 3701’, (E) ‘LUX 2902’, (F) ‘LUX 3501’, and (G) ‘LUX 3502’. Supplemental Table 1. Comparison of several characteristics of the TERRAM and LUX peach series trialed at the Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Gimenells, Lleida, Spain. Trait TERRAM 2902 TERRAM 3401 TERRAM 3601 TERRAM 3701 LUX 2902 LUX 3501 LUX 3502 Tree Growth habit Spreading Upright Spreading Upright Spreading Spreading Upright to spreading Fruit development 119–134 152–166 163–183 177–189 117–142 163–183 163–173 period (d) Flowering shoot Thickness Thin Thin to medium Medium Thin to medium Thin Thin to medium Medium to thick Density of flower Very sparse to Very sparse Very sparse Very sparse to Sparse Very sparse to Very sparse to sparse buds sparse sparse sparse Flower Type Showy Showy Showy Showy Showy Showy Showy Leaf blade Shape in cross Concave Concave Concave Concave Concave Concave Concave section Color Medium green Medium green Medium green Medium green Medium green Medium green Medium green Petiole Shape of Round Reniform Reniform Reniform Round Reniform Reniform nectarines Fruit Size Medium to Medium to large Medium to Medium to Medium to Large Medium to large large large large large Shape Round Circular Broad elliptic Circular Round Round Round Mucron tip at Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Present Absent pistil end Prominence of Weak to Weak to medium Medium to Weak to Medium Medium Medium suture medium large medium Ground color of Greenish yellow Yellow Creamy yellow Yellow Cream Greenish white Creamy white skin Relative area of Large Medium to large Large Small to Large to very Medium to Large over color of medium large large skin Hue of over color Medium red Medium red Medium red Medium red Light red Dark red Pink-red of skin Density of Sparse to Sparse to medium Sparse to Medium to Medium to Sparse to Medium to dense pubescence medium medium dense dense medium Carotenoid Orange-yellow Orange-yellow Light yellow Orange-yellow White White White coloration of flesh Flesh fiber Strong Moderate Strong Strong Moderate Moderate Moderate Flesh texture Crunchy and Crunchy Crunchy and Crunchy and Crunchy and Crunchy and Crunchy melting melting melting melting melting Flavor Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Postharvest Moderate Poor Poor Moderate Good Good Moderate performancez Stone Shape Elliptic Elliptic Round Elliptic Elliptic Elliptic Elliptic Tendency to split Absent or very — Low to medium — Absent or very Absent or very Absent or very low low low low to low Adherence to flesh Present Present Absent Present Present Present Absent Time of beginning Early to Early to medium Medium Medium to late Early to Early to Early to medium of leaf bud burst medium medium medium z Good long performance, <25% of total fruits had mealiness and/or internal browning symptoms; moderate, 25% to 50% of total fruits had mealiness and/or internal browning symptoms; and poor, >50% of total fruits had mealiness and/or internal browning symptoms. 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