a8d3e39e5b015387c9ac4c57e075e17a 256428.pdf 3445f43808fca4b86d3be3de33145b25035d1e1d 256428.pdf 36357f1e8894943c3d8cae3b3e09b2c7c5e611b343b23318477e4c3b20dbd426 256428.pdf Title: Global Variations in the Mineral Content of Bottled Still and Sparkling Water and a Description of the Possible Impact on Nephrological and Urological Diseases Subject: Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a complex disease. Besides the high risk of recurrence, its association with systemic disorders contributes to the burden of disease. Sufficient water intake is crucial for prevention of KSD, however, the mineral content of water might influence stone formation, bone health and cardiovascular (CVD) risk. This study aims to analyse the variations in mineral content of bottled drinking water worldwide to evaluate the differences and describes the possible impact on nephrological and urological diseases. The information regarding mineral composition (mg/L) on calcium, bicarbonate, magnesium, sodium and sulphates was read from the ingredients label on water bottles by visiting the supermarket or consulting the online shop. The bottled waters in two main supermarkets in 21 countries were included. The evaluation shows that on a global level the mineral composition of bottled drinkable water varies enormously. Median bicarbonate levels varied by factors of 12.6 and 57.3 for still and sparkling water, respectively. Median calcium levels varied by factors of 18.7 and 7.4 for still and sparkling water, respectively. As the mineral content of bottled drinking water varies enormously worldwide and mineral intake through water might influence stone formation, bone health and CVD risk, urologists and nephrologists should counsel their patients on an individual level regarding water intake. Keywords: kidney stone disease; mineral water; mineral composition; drinking water; still water; sparkling water Author: Simone J. M. Stoots, Guido M. Kamphuis, Rob Geraghty, Liffert Vogt, Michaël M. E. L. Henderickx, B. M. Zeeshan Hameed, Sufyan Ibrahim, Amelia Pietropaolo, Enakshee Jamnadass, Sahar M. Aljumaiah, Saeed B. Hamri, Eugenio Ventimiglia, Olivier Traxer, Vineet Gauhar, Etienne X. Keller, Vincent De Coninck, Otas Durutovic, Nariman K. Gadzhiev, Laurian B. Dragos, Tarik Emre Sener, Nick Rukin, Michele Talso, Panagiotis Kallidonis, Esteban Emiliani, Ewa Bres-Niewada, Kymora B. Scotland, Naeem Bhojani, Athanasios Vagionis, Angela Piccirilli and Bhaskar K. Somani Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Jun 29 02:49:28 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Jun 29 02:53:34 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1039125 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- OPZDHV+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 JFAOHY+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 EGOXOT+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 VWBIRU+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 XPUSBJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 32 0 BSDWLC+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 35 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 57 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 61 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 65 0 QGUKZH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 86 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 92 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 98 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 104 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 121 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 127 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 133 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-05-07 02:28:38 CEST RepresentationInformation: 256428.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-05-06 14:35:55 CEST Size: 1039125 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 326 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Info: Title: Global Variations in the Mineral Content of Bottled Still and Sparkling Water and a Description of the Possible Impact on Nephrological and Urological Diseases Author: Simone J. M. Stoots, Guido M. Kamphuis, Rob Geraghty, Liffert Vogt, Michaël M. E. L. Henderickx, B. M. Zeeshan Hameed, Sufyan Ibrahim, Amelia Pietropaolo, Enakshee Jamnadass, Sahar M. Aljumaiah, Saeed B. Hamri, Eugenio Ventimiglia, Olivier Traxer, Vineet Gauhar, Etienne X. Keller, Vincent De Coninck, Otas Durutovic, Nariman K. Gadzhiev, Laurian B. Dragos, Tarik Emre Sener, Nick Rukin, Michele Talso, Panagiotis Kallidonis, Esteban Emiliani, Ewa Bres-Niewada, Kymora B. Scotland, Naeem Bhojani, Athanasios Vagionis, Angela Piccirilli and Bhaskar K. Somani Subject: Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a complex disease. Besides the high risk of recurrence, its association with systemic disorders contributes to the burden of disease. Sufficient water intake is crucial for prevention of KSD, however, the mineral content of water might influence stone formation, bone health and cardiovascular (CVD) risk. This study aims to analyse the variations in mineral content of bottled drinking water worldwide to evaluate the differences and describes the possible impact on nephrological and urological diseases. The information regarding mineral composition (mg/L) on calcium, bicarbonate, magnesium, sodium and sulphates was read from the ingredients label on water bottles by visiting the supermarket or consulting the online shop. The bottled waters in two main supermarkets in 21 countries were included. The evaluation shows that on a global level the mineral composition of bottled drinkable water varies enormously. Median bicarbonate levels varied by factors of 12.6 and 57.3 for still and sparkling water, respectively. Median calcium levels varied by factors of 18.7 and 7.4 for still and sparkling water, respectively. As the mineral content of bottled drinking water varies enormously worldwide and mineral intake through water might influence stone formation, bone health and CVD risk, urologists and nephrologists should counsel their patients on an individual level regarding water intake. 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