16f5100a951f3cd7226717ab540cc85c geriatrics_a2021v6n3p87.pdf 82abe0c6a04c40998aaa8e7e1f8e238cbe0da0fc geriatrics_a2021v6n3p87.pdf 625ca34e0312c1528b7dc9e14003a0799e272acc27b4f3009a9c534e015612dc geriatrics_a2021v6n3p87.pdf Title: The Spanish Intergenerational Study: Beliefs, Stereotypes, and Metacognition about Older People and Grandparents to Tackle Ageism Subject: Ageism can be seen as systematic stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination of people because of their age. For a long time, society has accepted negative stereotypes as a norm. When referring to older adults, the United Nations Global Report on Ageism warns about a severe impact. The Intergenerational Study for a Healthy Aging, a questionnaire about believes, stereotypes, and knowledge about older people and grandparents, was administered to 326 Spanish biology and medical students. Here we report the results of stereotype analysis through adjective qualification of the youth and older people performed before the survey. Content analysis of two open questions about metacognition at the end of the survey is also presented. The results show that: (1) The questionnaire promoted metacognition; (2) Positive metacognition toward grandparents was higher than for the general old population; (3) Most participants were not conscious about ageism; (4) Gender was a key factor—male students were more ageist than females; (5) The feeling of guilt was higher in the questionnaire about older people; (6) The metacognition exercise elicited thoughts and, in few cases, the need to take action to tackle ageism. In conclusion, both activities promoted active thoughts about older people vs. grandparents and helped participants realize unconscious ageism—specifically toward the older population—serving as an awareness activity that may help tackle ageism. Keywords: ageism; stereotypes; discrimination; old population; grandparents; strategies; decade of healthy ageing Author: Aida Muntsant, Paula Ramírez-Boix, Rocío Leal-Campanario, Francisco Javier Alcaín and Lydia Giménez-Llort Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Sep 7 09:39:32 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Sep 7 09:59:15 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1188273 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- DUFXDP+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 JVTLXB+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 NXCLLI+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 LDPUOT+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 YSPQJI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 UXFKPM+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 WTHMHW+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 81 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 90 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 96 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 102 0 FNTSBS+ArialMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 108 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 126 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 132 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 138 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 150 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 156 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 162 0 FNTSBS+SymbolMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 168 0 FNTSBS+ArialMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 174 0 JLZORU+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 188 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 197 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 203 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 209 0 IKPNRE+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 236 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-03-12 02:27:25 CET RepresentationInformation: geriatrics_a2021v6n3p87.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-03-10 11:59:22 CET Size: 1188273 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 434 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: The Spanish Intergenerational Study Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Data Collection Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Stereotypes Analysis through Adjective Qualification of the Youth and Older People Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Surveys: The Spanish Intergenerational Study on Older People and Grandparents Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Statistics Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Children: Item: Title: Socio-Demography Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Stereotype Analysis through Adding Adjectives to the Youth and Older People Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Survey: The Spanish Intergenerational Study Older People Questionnaire Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Children: Item: Title: What Do Students Think about Older People? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: The Existence of Metacognition Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: What Feelings Arise When Answering the Questionnaires? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Who Is the Subject of the Thought? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: What Role Appeared in the Thought? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: Is There Ageism Awareness? Who Is Guilty of This Ageism? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: Is the Feeling Translated into a Thought or an Action? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: What Kinds of Older People Are Reflected in the Answer? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: What Age Is Reflected in the Answer? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Item: Title: Could Answering the Questionnaires Help to Tackle Ageism? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: Survey: Spanish Intergenerational Study Grandparents’ Questionnaire Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Children: Item: Title: What Do Students Think about Their Grandparents? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Item: Title: The Existence of Metacognition Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Item: Title: What Feelings Arise When Answering the Questionnaires? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1060b431 Item: Title: Who Is the Subject of the Thought? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612679d6 Item: Title: What Role Appeared in the Thought? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@11758f2a Item: Title: Is There Ageism Awareness? Who Is Guilty of This Ageism? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@e720b71 Item: Title: Is the Feeling Translated into a Thought or an Action? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1b26f7b2 Item: Title: What Kind of Older Person Is Reflected in the Answer? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@491cc5c9 Item: Title: What Age Is Reflected in the Answer? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@74ad1f1f Item: Title: Answering the Questionnaires Could Help to Tackle Ageism? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6a1aab78 Item: Title: Comparison of Older People with Grandparents Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@462d5aee Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@69b0fd6f Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@757942a1 Info: Title: The Spanish Intergenerational Study: Beliefs, Stereotypes, and Metacognition about Older People and Grandparents to Tackle Ageism Author: Aida Muntsant, Paula Ramírez-Boix, Rocío Leal-Campanario, Francisco Javier Alcaín and Lydia Giménez-Llort Subject: Ageism can be seen as systematic stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination of people because of their age. For a long time, society has accepted negative stereotypes as a norm. When referring to older adults, the United Nations Global Report on Ageism warns about a severe impact. The Intergenerational Study for a Healthy Aging, a questionnaire about believes, stereotypes, and knowledge about older people and grandparents, was administered to 326 Spanish biology and medical students. Here we report the results of stereotype analysis through adjective qualification of the youth and older people performed before the survey. Content analysis of two open questions about metacognition at the end of the survey is also presented. The results show that: (1) The questionnaire promoted metacognition; (2) Positive metacognition toward grandparents was higher than for the general old population; (3) Most participants were not conscious about ageism; (4) Gender was a key factor male students were more ageist than females; (5) The feeling of guilt was higher in the questionnaire about older people; (6) The metacognition exercise elicited thoughts and, in few cases, the need to take action to tackle ageism. In conclusion, both activities promoted active thoughts about older people vs. grandparents and helped participants realize unconscious ageism specifically toward the older population serving as an awareness activity that may help tackle ageism. 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