0162fc713892e7f2670b83dab49a52cf ANT_a2021v10.pdf ec8111fff5324bfa46115c89fe135b7b7e6194ee ANT_a2021v10.pdf 3bf57eb7794b4f847b1078c40281190803ee199a06b44ff976bc48fb487586df ANT_a2021v10.pdf Title: Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Hydroxytyrosol Affect the Development and Neurotransmitter Profile of the Hippocampus in a Pig Model Subject: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to poor growth of a fetus during pregnancy due to deficient maternal nutrition or oxygen supply. Supplementation of a mother’s diet with antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (HTX), has been proposed to ameliorate the adverse phenotypes of IUGR. In the present study, sows were treated daily with or without 1.5 mg of HTX per kilogram of feed from day 35 of pregnancy (at 30% of the total gestational period), and fetuses were sampled at day 100 of gestation. Fetuses were classified as normal body weight (NBW) or low body weight (LBW) as a consequence of IUGR, constituting four groups: NBW-Control, NBW-HTX, LBW-Control, and LBW-HTX. The brain was removed, and the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex were rapidly dissected. Neuronal markers were studied by immunohistochemistry, and a decrease in the number of mature neurons in the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis subfield 1 (CA1) and the Dentate Gyrus (DG) regions was observed in LBW fetuses together with a higher number of immature neurons and other alterations in neuronal morphology. Furthermore, IUGR conditions altered the neurotransmitter (NT) profile, since an increase in the serotonin (5-HT) pathway was observed in LBW fetuses. Supplementation with HTX was able to reverse the morphological and neurochemical changes, leading both characteristics to values similar to those of NBW fetuses. Keywords: hydroxytyrosol; neurotransmitters; intrauterine growth restriction; hippocampus; brain; pig Author: Natalia Yeste, Néstor Gómez, Marta Vázquez-Gómez, Consolación García-Contreras, Martí Pumarola, Antonio González-Bulnes and Anna Bassols Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Sep 27 10:04:46 2021 CEST ModDate: Mon Sep 27 10:07:47 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 5235481 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- TOZXSU+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 FOHJNZ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 NDRKFP+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 YBVDMT+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 JYPLJJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 KUDXZB+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 GNYQZE+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 81 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 XIRVNA+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 101 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 105 0 JHYTSG+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 109 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-27 03:25:00 CEST RepresentationInformation: ANT_a2021v10.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:59:10 CEST Size: 5235481 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 322 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Ethics Statement Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Animals and Experimental Procedure Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Sample Preparation and Neurotransmitter Quantification Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Hippocampus Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Image Processing and Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Children: Item: Title: Effects of Maternal Supplementation with HTX on Immunohistochemical Markers in the Hippocampus of NBW and LBW Fetuses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Effects of Maternal Supplementation with HTX on the Neurotransmitter Profile in Several Brain Areas of NBW and LBW Fetuses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Children: Item: Title: Effects on Hippocampal Development Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Effects on the Neurotransmitter Profile in the Hippocampus Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Info: Title: Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Hydroxytyrosol Affect the Development and Neurotransmitter Profile of the Hippocampus in a Pig Model Author: Natalia Yeste, Néstor Gómez, Marta Vázquez-Gómez, Consolación García-Contreras, Martí Pumarola, Antonio González-Bulnes and Anna Bassols Subject: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to poor growth of a fetus during pregnancy due to deficient maternal nutrition or oxygen supply. Supplementation of a mother’s diet with antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (HTX), has been proposed to ameliorate the adverse phenotypes of IUGR. In the present study, sows were treated daily with or without 1.5 mg of HTX per kilogram of feed from day 35 of pregnancy (at 30% of the total gestational period), and fetuses were sampled at day 100 of gestation. Fetuses were classified as normal body weight (NBW) or low body weight (LBW) as a consequence of IUGR, constituting four groups: NBW-Control, NBW-HTX, LBW-Control, and LBW-HTX. The brain was removed, and the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex were rapidly dissected. Neuronal markers were studied by immunohistochemistry, and a decrease in the number of mature neurons in the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis subfield 1 (CA1) and the Dentate Gyrus (DG) regions was observed in LBW fetuses together with a higher number of immature neurons and other alterations in neuronal morphology. Furthermore, IUGR conditions altered the neurotransmitter (NT) profile, since an increase in the serotonin (5-HT) pathway was observed in LBW fetuses. Supplementation with HTX was able to reverse the morphological and neurochemical changes, leading both characteristics to values similar to those of NBW fetuses. 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