77c6ad31ba7513b55e5a0b79cc4666d1 264735.pdf de6bbb47fc7a7dfcaf5d0ed293c7e85c2cf4e06d 264735.pdf a1cde345a3dfdc923fda16999a42400c34464437bca5c6337982f6ee907fa4d7 264735.pdf Title: Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15): A Novel Biomarker Associated with Poorer Respiratory Function in COVID-19 Subject: It is essential to find new biomarkers for severity stratification of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is upregulated in pathological conditions that involve inflammation and/or oxidative stress. We determined circulating levels of GDF-15 and correlated them with clinical and laboratory parameters reflecting severity in 84 patients with COVID-19, finding that GDF-15 levels were higher in both patients than in 20 healthy controls and were higher in patients with poorer respiratory function. GDF-15 levels also correlated with interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, ferritin and D-dimer levels and with neutrophilia and lymphopenia. Of all the analysed biomarkers, GDF-15 showed the best area under the receiver operating characteristics curve in identifying patients with poor respiratory function. In conclusion, our data support GDF-15 as a biomarker associated with pulmonary impairment in COVID-19 and so can potentially be useful in stratifying COVID-19 cases by severity. Keywords: GDF-15; COVID-19; respiratory function; inflammation; biomarker Author: Leticia Alserawan, Patricia Peñacoba, Sandra Elizabet Orozco Echevarría, Diego Castillo, Esther Ortiz, Laura Martínez-Martínez, Esther Moga Naranjo, Pere Domingo, Ivan Castellví, Cándido Juárez and Anaís Mariscal Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Nov 1 07:53:10 2021 CET ModDate: Mon Nov 1 07:57:00 2021 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 6 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1112272 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- ITBKKX+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 DFMAJW+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 TOCASC+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 SSNIUI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 BXZUUH+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 32 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 54 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 NWYVYM+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 74 0 GOCQIR+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 78 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 93 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 97 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 101 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 105 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 117 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 121 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 125 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 129 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 140 0 IDEOOS+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 147 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-27 03:21:58 CEST RepresentationInformation: 264735.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:59:22 CEST Size: 1112272 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 229 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Characteristics of Patients with COVID-19 on Admission Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Association between GDF-15 and Clinical Severity Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Info: Title: Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15): A Novel Biomarker Associated with Poorer Respiratory Function in COVID-19 Author: Leticia Alserawan, Patricia Peñacoba, Sandra Elizabet Orozco Echevarría, Diego Castillo, Esther Ortiz, Laura Martínez-Martínez, Esther Moga Naranjo, Pere Domingo, Ivan Castellví, Cándido Juárez and Anaís Mariscal Subject: It is essential to find new biomarkers for severity stratification of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is upregulated in pathological conditions that involve inflammation and/or oxidative stress. We determined circulating levels of GDF-15 and correlated them with clinical and laboratory parameters reflecting severity in 84 patients with COVID-19, finding that GDF-15 levels were higher in both patients than in 20 healthy controls and were higher in patients with poorer respiratory function. GDF-15 levels also correlated with interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, ferritin and D-dimer levels and with neutrophilia and lymphopenia. Of all the analysed biomarkers, GDF-15 showed the best area under the receiver operating characteristics curve in identifying patients with poor respiratory function. In conclusion, our data support GDF-15 as a biomarker associated with pulmonary impairment in COVID-19 and so can potentially be useful in stratifying COVID-19 cases by severity. 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