be6d54bc96cb444fcc8c0c33b967a0cc nanomaterials_a2021m11v11n11p2991.pdf 21f86acf7884f3034dde21c069d56527d40dcffe nanomaterials_a2021m11v11n11p2991.pdf f7c6c96505abfeb4bcccdd3ce8503c6f0e0863e2ed12ee2de221fe4b01d819c4 nanomaterials_a2021m11v11n11p2991.pdf Title: The Interactions between Nanoparticles and the Innate Immune System from a Nanotechnologist Perspective Subject: The immune system contributes to maintaining the body’s functional integrity through its two main functions: recognizing and destroying foreign external agents (invading microorganisms) and identifying and eliminating senescent cells and damaged or abnormal endogenous entities (such as cellular debris or misfolded/degraded proteins). Accordingly, the immune system can detect molecular and cellular structures with a spatial resolution of a few nm, which allows for detecting molecular patterns expressed in a great variety of pathogens, including viral and bacterial proteins and bacterial nucleic acid sequences. Such patterns are also expressed in abnormal cells. In this context, it is expected that nanostructured materials in the size range of proteins, protein aggregates, and viruses with different molecular coatings can engage in a sophisticated interaction with the immune system. Nanoparticles can be recognized or passed undetected by the immune system. Once detected, they can be tolerated or induce defensive (inflammatory) or anti-inflammatory responses. This paper describes the different modes of interaction between nanoparticles, especially inorganic nanoparticles, and the immune system, especially the innate immune system. This perspective should help to propose a set of selection rules for nanosafety-by-design and medical nanoparticle design. Keywords: nanoparticles; immune system; innate immunity; inflammation; tolerance Author: Lena M. Ernst, Eudald Casals, Paola Italiani, Diana Boraschi and Victor Puntes Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Nov 9 07:41:44 2021 CET ModDate: Tue Nov 9 07:46:26 2021 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 20 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1297850 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- XMPBYA+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 BQTTRS+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 ITYIXE+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 WHAHKK+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 NPLVPL+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 32 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 54 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 EMIJOB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 84 0 EMIJOD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 87 0 EMIJPF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 90 0 EMIJOB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 104 0 EMIJOD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 EMIJPF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 110 0 QPZFHW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 123 0 EMIJOB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 153 0 EMIJOD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 156 0 EMIJPF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 159 0 EMIJOB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 173 0 EMIJOD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 176 0 EMIJPF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 179 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-27 03:19:23 CEST RepresentationInformation: nanomaterials_a2021m11v11n11p2991.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-31 11:59:29 CEST Size: 1297850 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 603 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: The NP-Immune System Interactions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: When NPs Are Not Detected by the Immune System Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: When NPs Are Detected by the Immune System and Tolerated Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: When NPs Are Detected by the Immune System and Not Tolerated Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Children: Item: Title: NP-Induced Oxidative Stress Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: When Phagocytosis Is Not Sufficient Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: NPs, Intendedly or Accidentally, Can Display Antigens, Allergens, or Toxins Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: NPs Presenting Vaccine Antigens and Working as Vaccine Adjuvants Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: When NPs Act as Enzymes and in This Way Can Modulate Immune Reactions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: NP Evolution and Transformations in the Exposure Media Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Concluding Remarks Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Info: Title: The Interactions between Nanoparticles and the Innate Immune System from a Nanotechnologist Perspective Author: Lena M. Ernst, Eudald Casals, Paola Italiani, Diana Boraschi and Victor Puntes Subject: The immune system contributes to maintaining the body’s functional integrity through its two main functions: recognizing and destroying foreign external agents (invading microorganisms) and identifying and eliminating senescent cells and damaged or abnormal endogenous entities (such as cellular debris or misfolded/degraded proteins). Accordingly, the immune system can detect molecular and cellular structures with a spatial resolution of a few nm, which allows for detecting molecular patterns expressed in a great variety of pathogens, including viral and bacterial proteins and bacterial nucleic acid sequences. Such patterns are also expressed in abnormal cells. In this context, it is expected that nanostructured materials in the size range of proteins, protein aggregates, and viruses with different molecular coatings can engage in a sophisticated interaction with the immune system. Nanoparticles can be recognized or passed undetected by the immune system. Once detected, they can be tolerated or induce defensive (inflammatory) or anti-inflammatory responses. This paper describes the different modes of interaction between nanoparticles, especially inorganic nanoparticles, and the immune system, especially the innate immune system. This perspective should help to propose a set of selection rules for nanosafety-by-design and medical nanoparticle design. 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Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 301, 709, 338, 720 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 297, 676, 335, 686 Checksum: f300ee54 Type: CRC32 Checksum: be6d54bc96cb444fcc8c0c33b967a0cc Type: MD5 Checksum: 21f86acf7884f3034dde21c069d56527d40dcffe Type: SHA-1