bde5e75a8a2a3e09d99e36fceb6867b5 VIR_a2021v13p1435.pdf e3e7b3926291fa1f134b1f7eef66fd07f6a9bb18 VIR_a2021v13p1435.pdf c91f2680c9e2f270537349cb1c05d213d3959b16cf7b38b78a46ac142f246bff VIR_a2021v13p1435.pdf Title: Influenza Virus Infections in Cats Subject: In the past, cats were considered resistant to influenza. Today, we know that they are susceptible to some influenza A viruses (IAVs) originating in other species. Usually, the outcome is only subclinical infection or a mild fever. However, outbreaks of feline disease caused by canine H3N2 IAV with fever, tachypnoea, sneezing, coughing, dyspnoea and lethargy are occasionally noted in shelters. In one such outbreak, the morbidity rate was 100% and the mortality rate was 40%. Recently, avian H7N2 IAV infection occurred in cats in some shelters in the USA, inducing mostly mild respiratory disease. Furthermore, cats are susceptible to experimental infection with the human H3N2 IAV that caused the pandemic in 1968. Several studies indicated that cats worldwide could be infected by H1N1 IAV during the subsequent human pandemic in 2009. In one shelter, severe cases with fatalities were noted. Finally, the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 IAV can induce a severe, fatal disease in cats, and can spread via cat-to-cat contact. In this review, the Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from 11 European countries, summarises current data regarding the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostics, and control of feline IAV infections, as well as the zoonotic risks. Keywords: cats; influenza A virus; low pathogenic; highly pathogenic Author: Tadeusz Frymus, Sándor Belák, Herman Egberink, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Fulvio Marsilio, Diane D. Addie, Corine Boucraut-Baralon, Katrin Hartmann, Albert Lloret, Hans Lutz, Maria Grazia Pennisi, Etienne Thiry, Uwe Truyen, Séverine Tasker, Karin Möstl and Margaret J. Hosie Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Jul 23 11:50:52 2021 CEST ModDate: Fri Jul 23 11:52:54 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 9 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 482705 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- QZNTXY+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 VXVRFF+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 JEBEEA+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 AEFAMH+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 GIFXFT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 HOWKDX+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 EGKONN+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 84 0 EGKPCN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 87 0 EGKPCP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 90 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-04-26 02:32:32 CEST RepresentationInformation: VIR_a2021v13p1435.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-04-25 10:04:57 CEST Size: 482705 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 342 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Aetiology Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Circulation of IAVs Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Pathogenesis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Epidemiology of IAV Infections in Cats Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Children: Item: Title: Low Pathogenic IAVs Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Highly Pathogenic H5N1 IAV Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Clinical Signs Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Pathological Lesions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Diagnosis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Control Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Human Risks Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Info: Title: Influenza Virus Infections in Cats Author: Tadeusz Frymus, Sándor Belák, Herman Egberink, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Fulvio Marsilio, Diane D. Addie, Corine Boucraut-Baralon, Katrin Hartmann, Albert Lloret, Hans Lutz, Maria Grazia Pennisi, Etienne Thiry, Uwe Truyen, Séverine Tasker, Karin Möstl and Margaret J. Hosie Subject: In the past, cats were considered resistant to influenza. Today, we know that they are susceptible to some influenza A viruses (IAVs) originating in other species. Usually, the outcome is only subclinical infection or a mild fever. However, outbreaks of feline disease caused by canine H3N2 IAV with fever, tachypnoea, sneezing, coughing, dyspnoea and lethargy are occasionally noted in shelters. In one such outbreak, the morbidity rate was 100% and the mortality rate was 40%. Recently, avian H7N2 IAV infection occurred in cats in some shelters in the USA, inducing mostly mild respiratory disease. Furthermore, cats are susceptible to experimental infection with the human H3N2 IAV that caused the pandemic in 1968. Several studies indicated that cats worldwide could be infected by H1N1 IAV during the subsequent human pandemic in 2009. In one shelter, severe cases with fatalities were noted. Finally, the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 IAV can induce a severe, fatal disease in cats, and can spread via cat-to-cat contact. In this review, the Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from 11 European countries, summarises current data regarding the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostics, and control of feline IAV infections, as well as the zoonotic risks. 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