73935fd9686313e71a5748c74a9f66b2 269672.pdf 0696a14d21c43bb9510295057544c811bef88efd 269672.pdf b74d82a82e128329ef7a8fa148340666e350f0763e67a07b6794d091a3a09b11 269672.pdf Title: Socioeconomic Inequalities in Chronic Liver Diseases and Cirrhosis Mortality in European Urban Areas before and after the Onset of the 2008 Economic Recession Subject: Objective: To analyse the trends in chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis mortality, and the associated socioeconomic inequalities, in nine European cities and urban areas before and after the onset of the 2008 financial crisis. Methods: This is an ecological study of trends in three periods of time: two before (2000–2003 and 2004–2008), and one after (2009–2014) the onset of the economic crisis. The units of analysis were the geographical areas of nine cities or urban areas in Europe. We analysed chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis standardised mortality ratios, smoothing them with a hierarchical Bayesian model by each city, area, and sex. An ecological regression model was fitted to analyse the trends in socioeconomic inequalities, and included the socioeconomic deprivation index, the period, and their interaction. Results: In general, chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis mortality rates were higher in men than in women. These rates decreased in all cities during the financial crisis, except among men in Athens (rates increased from 8.50 per 100,000 inhabitants during the second period to 9.42 during the third). Socioeconomic inequalities in chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis mortality were found in six cities/metropolitan areas among men, and in four among women. Finally, in the periods studied, such inequalities did not significantly change. However, among men they increased in Turin and Barcelona and among women, several cities had lower inequalities in the third period. Conclusions: There are geographical socioeconomic inequalities in chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis mortality, mainly among men, that did not change during the 2008 financial crisis. These results should be monitored in the long term. Keywords: chronic liver diseases; liver cirrhosis; mortality; inequalities; urban areas; financial crisis Author: Carme Borrell, Laia Palència, Lucia Bosakova, Mercè Gotsens, Joana Morrison, Claudia Costa, Dagmar Dzurova, Patrick Deboosere, Michala Lustigova, Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo, Sophia Rodopoulou and Paula Santana Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Aug 20 17:19:14 2021 CEST ModDate: Wed Aug 25 07:50:51 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 11 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1210897 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YQOTQA+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 BEETNL+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 NSEEWU+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 UTLGJY+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 LMOTSQ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 LWQXII+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 IRWHZX+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 39 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 61 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 65 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 69 0 TGDFPQ+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 84 0 RMYHKP+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 88 0 VEWHDB+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 92 0 GIGFZE+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 96 0 QHMKWQ+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 106 0 NETBHX+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 110 0 NUUXUW+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 135 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-12-24 02:27:44 CET RepresentationInformation: 269672.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-12-23 11:22:46 CET Size: 1210897 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 288 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4923ab24 Item: Title: Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Children: Item: Title: Design, Units of Analysis, and Study Population Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Data and Measures Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Info: Title: Socioeconomic Inequalities in Chronic Liver Diseases and Cirrhosis Mortality in European Urban Areas before and after the Onset of the 2008 Economic Recession Author: Carme Borrell, Laia Palència, Lucia Bosakova, Mercè Gotsens, Joana Morrison, Claudia Costa, Dagmar Dzurova, Patrick Deboosere, Michala Lustigova, Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo, Sophia Rodopoulou and Paula Santana Subject: Objective: To analyse the trends in chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis mortality, and the associated socioeconomic inequalities, in nine European cities and urban areas before and after the onset of the 2008 financial crisis. Methods: This is an ecological study of trends in three periods of time: two before (2000 2003 and 2004 2008), and one after (2009 2014) the onset of the economic crisis. The units of analysis were the geographical areas of nine cities or urban areas in Europe. We analysed chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis standardised mortality ratios, smoothing them with a hierarchical Bayesian model by each city, area, and sex. An ecological regression model was fitted to analyse the trends in socioeconomic inequalities, and included the socioeconomic deprivation index, the period, and their interaction. Results: In general, chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis mortality rates were higher in men than in women. These rates decreased in all cities during the financial crisis, except among men in Athens (rates increased from 8.50 per 100,000 inhabitants during the second period to 9.42 during the third). Socioeconomic inequalities in chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis mortality were found in six cities/metropolitan areas among men, and in four among women. Finally, in the periods studied, such inequalities did not significantly change. However, among men they increased in Turin and Barcelona and among women, several cities had lower inequalities in the third period. Conclusions: There are geographical socioeconomic inequalities in chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis mortality, mainly among men, that did not change during the 2008 financial crisis. These results should be monitored in the long term. 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