b81c7e42896929a88dc425596bd6ca52 water_a2021v13n12an1710.pdf 11aa8e3a8d5e1718f272f9b07caebdd5c81111e4 water_a2021v13n12an1710.pdf 281e2abc677e723f8b4d2e0af9ab0653d652b156728c55deaea81b7460e741a4 water_a2021v13n12an1710.pdf Title: Wastewater Treatment Plants in Mediterranean Spain: An Exploration of Relations between Water Treatments, Water Reuse, and Governance Subject: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are fundamental to enable the transition towards the principles of a circular economy in water supply. In Mediterranean Spain, an area with recurrent episodes of water stress, treated wastewater may become a critical resource for the future. However, its incorporation into the array of potential water options opens up questions regarding the different qualities obtained with each treatment, the extent of existing water reuse practices, or the governance regime of plants. In this paper, the state of WWTPs in Mediterranean Spain is analyzed, with focus on plant sizes, treatment technologies, water use, and governance regimes. The latter shows a strong presence of private WWTPs and a lesser extent of public–private WWTPs, while the number of public plants is small. Regarding treatment technologies, the most sophisticated systems are found in public–private plants that are also the largest in size. Reclaimed water is very significant for agricultural and golf course irrigation in some areas (Valencia, Murcia, Andalusia), but still relatively incipient for other uses. Keywords: wastewater; treatments; management; uses of reclaimed water; Mediterranean Spain Author: Paula Rodríguez-Villanueva and David Sauri Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Jun 21 15:13:30 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Jun 22 08:59:54 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 29 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2689124 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- LRBJIA+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 AGCVBX+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 MIIAYA+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 NJVNCJ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 YSYEBI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 FSIJLB+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 53 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 57 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 61 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 88 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 91 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 94 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 103 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 106 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 109 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 115 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 118 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 121 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 131 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 134 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 137 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 144 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 147 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 150 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 159 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 162 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 165 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 174 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 177 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 180 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 189 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 192 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 195 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 207 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 210 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 213 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 223 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 226 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 229 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 235 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 238 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 241 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 250 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 253 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 256 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 262 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 265 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 268 0 ADLIIO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 277 0 ADLIJA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 280 0 ADLIJC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 283 0 GFAWRG+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 302 0 EYWEDZ+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 328 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-27 03:05:16 CEST RepresentationInformation: water_a2021v13n12an1710.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:05:09 CEST Size: 2689124 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 722 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Children: Item: Title: Wastewater: A New Resource Frontier? Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Wastewater Treatment and Reclaimed Water Use in Europe and Spain Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Children: Item: Title: Location Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Management Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Main Treatments Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Uses of Treated Wastewater Water Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Children: Item: Title: Location Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Management Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Irrigation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Leisure and Urban Uses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Environmental Uses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Industrial Uses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: Potable Uses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: List of Web Sources for the Elaboration of the Database Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: Management Regime and Ownership Composition of Wastewater Treatment Companies in the Study Area Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Info: Title: Wastewater Treatment Plants in Mediterranean Spain: An Exploration of Relations between Water Treatments, Water Reuse, and Governance Author: Paula Rodríguez-Villanueva and David Sauri Subject: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are fundamental to enable the transition towards the principles of a circular economy in water supply. In Mediterranean Spain, an area with recurrent episodes of water stress, treated wastewater may become a critical resource for the future. However, its incorporation into the array of potential water options opens up questions regarding the different qualities obtained with each treatment, the extent of existing water reuse practices, or the governance regime of plants. In this paper, the state of WWTPs in Mediterranean Spain is analyzed, with focus on plant sizes, treatment technologies, water use, and governance regimes. The latter shows a strong presence of private WWTPs and a lesser extent of public private WWTPs, while the number of public plants is small. Regarding treatment technologies, the most sophisticated systems are found in public private plants that are also the largest in size. Reclaimed water is very significant for agricultural and golf course irrigation in some areas (Valencia, Murcia, Andalusia), but still relatively incipient for other uses. 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