baccdd7e5b54d8a06a76031386760bc0 271963.pdf 71432b5e3055c613a64cff6258182f1f4b9f6423 271963.pdf e193f44042f3afa935db18f42ea27feefe21b394933004ec4525846cfd808049 271963.pdf Title: Sex as a Prognostic Factor in Systematic Reviews: Challenges and Lessons Learned Subject: Sex is a common baseline factor collected in studies that has the potential to be a prognostic factor (PF) in several clinical areas. In recent years, research on sex as a PF has increased; however, this influx of new studies frequently shows conflicting results across the same treatment or disease state. Thus, systematic reviews (SRs) addressing sex as a PF may help us to better understand diseases and further personalize healthcare. We wrote this article to offer insights into the challenges we encountered when conducting SRs on sex as a PF and suggestions on how to overcome these obstacles, regardless of the clinical domain. When carrying out a PF SR with sex as the index factor, it is important to keep in mind the modifications that must be made in various SR stages, such as modifying the PF section of CHARMS-PF, adjusting certain sections of QUIPS and extracting data on the sex and gender terms used throughout the studies. In this paper, we provide an overview of the lessons learned from carrying out our reviews on sex as a PF in different disciplines and now call on researchers, funding agencies and journals to realize the importance of studying sex as a PF. Keywords: sex; gender; prognosis; prognostic factor; systematic review; methods Author: Elena Stallings, Alba Antequera, Jesús López-Alcalde, Miguel García-Martín, Gerard Urrútia and Javier Zamora Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri May 21 07:57:21 2021 CEST ModDate: Fri May 21 07:57:21 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 9 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 250202 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- RAJAUQ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 121 0 VDTSKC+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 122 0 FXKWJE+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 123 0 LCTKZU+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 124 0 VZOKCP+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 128 0 BSDWLC+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 133 0 UIJACC+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 134 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 153 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 154 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 155 0 WABLSD+SFRM1000 Type 1 Custom yes yes no 214 0 GFAWRG+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 258 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-27 03:02:44 CEST RepresentationInformation: 271963.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:05:14 CEST Size: 250202 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 0 FreeObjects: 2 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: ぉのぴひはつふっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸲ Item: Title: ぉねばはひぴちのっづぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰こづへぜ〴ぜ〰ちびぜ〴ぜ〰ちぜ〴ぜ〰ぐうぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰ぉぴびぜ〴ぜ〰いづねちひっちぴどはのぜ〴ぜ〰てひはねぜ〴ぜ〰ぇづのつづひぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸳ Item: Title: きづぴとはつはぬはでどっちぬぜ〴ぜ〰ぃとちぬぬづのでづびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮ㄩ‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰こづちひっとぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こづぬづっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへぴひちっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰げどびにぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰あどちびぜ〴ぜ〰ぁびびづびびねづのぴぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Children: Item: Title: こづちひっとぜ〴ぜ〰ちのつぜ〴ぜ〰こづぬづっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㈩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへぴひちっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰げどびにぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰あどちびぜ〴ぜ〰ぁびびづびびねづのぴぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぅへぴひちっぴどはのぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰げどびにぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰あどちびぜ〴ぜ〰ぁびびづびびねづのぴぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: げどびにぜ〴ぜ〰はてぜ〴ぜ〰あどちびぜ〴ぜ〰ぁびびづびびねづのぴぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳畢獥捴楯渮㌮㐩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: いちぴちぜ〴ぜ〰ぁのちぬべびどびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡳散瑩潮⸴ Item: Title: ぃはのっぬふつどのでぜ〴ぜ〰げづねちひにびぜ〴〩਼㰠⽓ 䝯呯 䐠⡉瑥洮㌩‾㸊⡜㌷㙜㌷㝜〰げづてづひづのっづび Item: Title: げづてづひづのっづび Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: VZOKCP+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 160 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: VZOKCP+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: GFAWRG+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 15 LastChar: 15 FontDescriptor: FontName: GFAWRG+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: WABLSD+SFRM1000 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 180 LastChar: 180 FontDescriptor: FontName: WABLSD+SFRM1000 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -189, -321, 1456, 937 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: RAJAUQ+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: RAJAUQ+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: VDTSKC+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: VDTSKC+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: FXKWJE+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 189 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: FXKWJE+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: LCTKZU+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: LCTKZU+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 759, 176, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 759, 560, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 123, 662, 134, 675 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 217, 662, 228, 675 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 469, 662, 480, 675 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 435, 87, 454 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 147, 359, 154, 367 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 346, 154, 355 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 334, 76, 343 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 162, 97, 184 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 153, 89, 154, 98 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 77, 147, 86 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 314, 194, 321, 203 ActionDest: 254 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 194, 331, 203 ActionDest: 254 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 235, 106, 242, 115 ActionDest: 254 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 497, 94, 504, 103 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 127, 17, 265, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 421, 17, 558, 28 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 311, 724, 318, 733 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 265, 711, 272, 721 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 661, 228, 670 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 636, 247, 645 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 346, 611, 353, 620 ActionDest: 254 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 435, 598, 447, 608 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 334, 586, 346, 595 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 586, 358, 595 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 573, 268, 582 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 265, 561, 277, 570 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 277, 561, 289, 570 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 536, 556, 545 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 312, 486, 324, 495 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 500, 448, 507, 457 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 507, 448, 519, 457 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 448, 532, 457 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 192, 385, 204, 394 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 333, 322, 340, 331 ActionDest: 254 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 343, 322, 350, 331 ActionDest: 254 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 234, 329, 244 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 431, 222, 443, 231 ActionDest: 295 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 707, 532, 716 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 532, 707, 544, 716 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 707, 556, 716 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 545, 657, 557, 666 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 631, 531, 640 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 531, 631, 543, 640 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 631, 556, 640 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 284, 556, 296, 565 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 543, 329, 553 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 529, 518, 541, 527 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 397, 443, 409, 452 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 412, 443, 424, 452 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 418, 337, 427 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 280, 393, 287, 402 ActionDest: 254 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 290, 393, 297, 402 ActionDest: 254 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 282, 368, 294, 377 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 297, 368, 309, 377 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 343, 280, 355, 289 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 280, 370, 289 ActionDest: 315 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 685, 293, 694 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 559, 556, 568 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 265, 521, 277, 530 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 446, 408, 458, 417 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 383, 214, 392 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 345, 556, 354 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 456, 333, 468, 342 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 360, 270, 372, 279 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 375, 270, 387, 279 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 257, 460, 266 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 461, 257, 473, 266 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 207, 556, 216 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 194, 556, 203 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 495, 104, 502, 116 ActionDest: 236 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 234, 556, 243 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 436, 209, 448, 218 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 472, 196, 484, 205 ActionDest: 315 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 418, 597, 430, 606 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 479, 534, 491, 543 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 396, 446, 408, 455 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 408, 446, 420, 455 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 422, 433, 434, 443 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 369, 383, 381, 392 ActionDest: 315 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 247, 320, 259, 329 ActionDest: 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 553, 267, 560, 279 ActionDest: 254 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 547, 493, 554, 505 ActionDest: 236 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 127, 172, 164, 182 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 86, 137, 124, 148 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 103, 97, 113 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 79, 557, 90 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 68, 95, 78 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 56, 557, 67 Page: Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 732, 557, 743 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 722, 95, 732 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 687, 132, 697 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 139, 687, 175, 697 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 407, 663, 445, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 259, 640, 296, 651 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 640, 339, 651 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 208, 617, 245, 628 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 468, 594, 505, 605 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 168, 572, 205, 582 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 375, 525, 411, 536 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 467, 502, 504, 513 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 495, 491, 533, 502 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 468, 560, 479 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 457, 98, 467 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 423, 169, 433 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 238, 365, 275, 375 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 277, 341, 314, 352 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 320, 341, 356, 352 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 308, 97, 318 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 308, 139, 318 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 319, 284, 357, 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 363, 284, 399, 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 388, 272, 425, 283 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 330, 261, 367, 272 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 289, 238, 327, 249 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 136, 204, 173, 214 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 159, 180, 197, 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 203, 180, 239, 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 146, 341, 157 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 481, 123, 519, 134 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 405, 100, 442, 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 449, 100, 485, 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 139, 66, 176, 76 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 406, 721, 444, 732 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 687, 97, 697 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 113, 653, 150, 663 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 156, 653, 192, 663 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 117, 618, 155, 628 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 161, 618, 197, 628 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 583, 268, 594 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 485, 560, 523, 571 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 496, 537, 534, 548 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 136, 515, 173, 525 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 136, 492, 173, 502 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 469, 97, 479 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 469, 139, 479 Checksum: 5eedde42 Type: CRC32 Checksum: baccdd7e5b54d8a06a76031386760bc0 Type: MD5 Checksum: 71432b5e3055c613a64cff6258182f1f4b9f6423 Type: SHA-1