6a5f3f4f908e5ed50a983d1554b37224 272083.pdf 0768d4864e35b10a7ca960f448efe9de67ba1923 272083.pdf 7c534744cab832a12a4f66931741e3f07e98c109a8f8bf554df12558da8ff2ed 272083.pdf Title: One Health Approach to Zoonotic Parasites: Molecular Detection of Intestinal Protozoans in an Urban Population of Norway Rats, Rattus norvegicus, in Barcelona, Spain Subject: Rattus norvegicus, the brown or Norway rat, is the most abundant mammal after humans in urban areas, where they live in close proximity to people. Among rodent-borne diseases, the reservoir role of Norway rats of zoonotic parasites in cities has practically been ignored. Considering the parasitic diseases in the One Health approach, we intended to identify and quantify the zoonotic intestinal protozoans (ZIP) in an urban population of R. norvegicus in the city of Barcelona, Spain. We studied the presence of ZIP in 100 rats trapped in parks (n = 15) as well as in the city’s sewage system (n = 85) in the winter of 2016/17. The protozoans were molecularly identified by means of a multiplex PCR (AllplexTM Gastrointestinal Panel-Parasite Assay). We also investigated the presence of co-infections among the species found. Four ZIP were identified, presenting significant prevalences in sewers, specifically Blastocystis (83.5%), Giardia duodenalis (37.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (34.1%), and Dientamoeba fragilis (14.1%). Several co-infections among the detected ZIP were also detected. The reservoir role of ZIP that Norway rats play in cities as well as the role rats may play as sentinels of zoonotic parasites affecting humans in urban areas are strongly backed up by our findings. The increasing worldwide urbanization, climate change, and the COVID-19 pandemic are factors that are producing an increase in human–rat interactions. Our results should be considered a warning to the authorities to intensify rat control and surveillance in public health interventions. Keywords: One Health approach; Rattus norvegicus; zoonoses; Blastocystis; Giardia duodenalis; Cryptosporidium spp.; Dientamoeba fragilis; Barcelona Author: María Teresa Galán-Puchades, María Trelis, Sandra Sáez-Durán, Susana Cifre, Carla Gosálvez, Joan Sanxis-Furió, Jordi Pascual, Rubén Bueno-Marí, Sandra Franco, Víctor Peracho, Tomás Montalvo and Màrius Vicent Fuentes Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sun Mar 7 09:20:38 2021 CET ModDate: Sun Mar 7 09:29:47 2021 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 8 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 282527 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PSLDOU+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 PBSOUK+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 QGBUVG+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 LVGOSP+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 OWNHZW+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 JUXSQN+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 UXHOAG+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 41 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 63 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 67 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 71 0 UFKNXE+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 86 0 RFECCF+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 90 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-27 03:00:53 CEST RepresentationInformation: 272083.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:05:20 CEST Size: 282527 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 252 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Study Area and Hosts Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Molecular Techniques Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Statistical Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Children: Item: Title: Blastocystis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Giardia duodenalis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Cryptosporidium spp. Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Dientamoeba fragilis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Other Zoonotic Parasites Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Info: Title: One Health Approach to Zoonotic Parasites: Molecular Detection of Intestinal Protozoans in an Urban Population of Norway Rats, Rattus norvegicus, in Barcelona, Spain Author: María Teresa Galán-Puchades, María Trelis, Sandra Sáez-Durán, Susana Cifre, Carla Gosálvez, Joan Sanxis-Furió, Jordi Pascual, Rubén Bueno-Marí, Sandra Franco, Víctor Peracho, Tomás Montalvo and Màrius Vicent Fuentes Subject: Rattus norvegicus, the brown or Norway rat, is the most abundant mammal after humans in urban areas, where they live in close proximity to people. Among rodent-borne diseases, the reservoir role of Norway rats of zoonotic parasites in cities has practically been ignored. Considering the parasitic diseases in the One Health approach, we intended to identify and quantify the zoonotic intestinal protozoans (ZIP) in an urban population of R. norvegicus in the city of Barcelona, Spain. We studied the presence of ZIP in 100 rats trapped in parks (n = 15) as well as in the city’s sewage system (n = 85) in the winter of 2016/17. The protozoans were molecularly identified by means of a multiplex PCR (AllplexTM Gastrointestinal Panel-Parasite Assay). We also investigated the presence of co-infections among the species found. Four ZIP were identified, presenting significant prevalences in sewers, specifically Blastocystis (83.5%), Giardia duodenalis (37.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (34.1%), and Dientamoeba fragilis (14.1%). Several co-infections among the detected ZIP were also detected. The reservoir role of ZIP that Norway rats play in cities as well as the role rats may play as sentinels of zoonotic parasites affecting humans in urban areas are strongly backed up by our findings. The increasing worldwide urbanization, climate change, and the COVID-19 pandemic are factors that are producing an increase in human rat interactions. Our results should be considered a warning to the authorities to intensify rat control and surveillance in public health interventions. 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