f88ecfeb89d8253d057d5c6945603d4c pmc_34571709.pdf 06a049588eb366dc4edc02bc2ad068593ee9fc21 pmc_34571709.pdf 235c05fdd3cc4e79b502ed8ded3bfc411fa8f78fdb4e8dfd3a46dc6100c07f4c pmc_34571709.pdf Title: Mechanical Behavior of Blood Vessels: Elastic and Viscoelastic Contributions Subject: The mechanical properties of the cerebral bridging veins (CBVs) were studied using advanced microtensile equipment. Detailed high-quality curves were obtained at different strain rates, showing a clearly nonlinear stress–strain response. In addition, the tissue of the CBVs exhibits stress relaxation and a preconditioning effect under cyclic loading, unequivocal indications of viscoelastic behavior. Interestingly, most previous literature that conducts uniaxial tensile tests had not found significant viscoelastic effects in CBVs, but the use of more sensitive tests allowed to observe the viscoelastic effects. For that reason, a careful mathematical analysis is presented, clarifying why in uniaxial tests with moderate strain rates, it is difficult to observe any viscoelastic effect. The analysis provides a theoretical explanation as to why many recent studies that investigated mechanical properties did not find a significant viscoelastic effect, even though in other circumstances, the CBV tissue would clearly exhibit viscoelastic behavior. Finally, this study provides reference values for the usual mechanical properties, as well as calculations of constitutive parameters for nonlinear elastic and viscoelastic models that would allow more accurate numerical simulation of CBVs in Finite Element-based computational models in future works. Keywords: biomechanics; collagenous tissue; tissue characterization; strain rate dependent materials; viscoelasticity Author: David Sánchez-Molina, Silvia García-Vilana, Jordi Llumà, Ignasi Galtés, Juan Velázquez-Ameijide and Carlos Arregui-Dalmases Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Aug 27 03:01:36 2021 CEST ModDate: Fri Aug 27 03:07:14 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 827638 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YHRGIM+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 RXIEGN+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 HHRFZP+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 GLCFZC+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 27 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 49 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 53 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 57 0 SOSTRQ+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 69 0 QLIOQS+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 76 0 ZTPVDI+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 80 0 YTMTVA+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 84 0 DFAMLG+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 92 0 HYYHEA+CMBSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 96 0 AVYSUP+PazoMath-BoldItalic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 100 0 SYFPBV+CMMI10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 115 0 NGSODS+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 119 0 GNHOUD+MSBM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 165 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:39:28 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34571709.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:05:44 CEST Size: 827638 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 419 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Material and Specimen Preparation Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Mechanical Tests, Measures of Strain and Stress Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Fung Models for Elastic and Viscoelastic Behavior Destination: subsection.2.3 Children: Item: Title: Elastic Fung Model Destination: subsubsection.2.3.1 Item: Title: Viscoelastic Fung Model Destination: subsubsection.2.3.2 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Viscoelastic Computations Destination: section.A. Item: Title: References Destination: equation.A..2 Info: Title: Mechanical Behavior of Blood Vessels: Elastic and Viscoelastic Contributions Author: David Sánchez-Molina, Silvia García-Vilana, Jordi Llumà, Ignasi Galtés, Juan Velázquez-Ameijide and Carlos Arregui-Dalmases Subject: The mechanical properties of the cerebral bridging veins (CBVs) were studied using advanced microtensile equipment. Detailed high-quality curves were obtained at different strain rates, showing a clearly nonlinear stress strain response. In addition, the tissue of the CBVs exhibits stress relaxation and a preconditioning effect under cyclic loading, unequivocal indications of viscoelastic behavior. Interestingly, most previous literature that conducts uniaxial tensile tests had not found significant viscoelastic effects in CBVs, but the use of more sensitive tests allowed to observe the viscoelastic effects. For that reason, a careful mathematical analysis is presented, clarifying why in uniaxial tests with moderate strain rates, it is difficult to observe any viscoelastic effect. The analysis provides a theoretical explanation as to why many recent studies that investigated mechanical properties did not find a significant viscoelastic effect, even though in other circumstances, the CBV tissue would clearly exhibit viscoelastic behavior. Finally, this study provides reference values for the usual mechanical properties, as well as calculations of constitutive parameters for nonlinear elastic and viscoelastic models that would allow more accurate numerical simulation of CBVs in Finite Element-based computational models in future works. 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