8a6747c3237d2f85980be41e7271ee03 pmc_34573399.pdf a95a97a185aa2a366fd00cb827c5a6c30dc8b671 pmc_34573399.pdf 57a86d41aa24cc5ce657d4764cac8381e719b8a9ac9fdb49ee7c3dc35bcca708 pmc_34573399.pdf Title: Genetic Diversity in Casein Gene Cluster in a Dromedary Camel (C. dromedarius) Population from the United Arab Emirates Subject: Genetic polymorphisms, causing variation in casein genes (CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, and CSN3), have been extensively studied in goats and cows, but there are only few studies reported in camels. Therefore, we aimed to identify alleles with functional roles in the United Arab Emirates dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) population to complement previous studies conducted on the same species. Using targeted next-generation sequencing, we sequenced all genes in the casein gene cluster in 93 female camels to identify and characterize novel gene variants. Most variants were found in noncoding introns and upstream sequences, but a few variants showed the possibility of functional impact. CSN2 was found to be most polymorphic, with total 91 different variants, followed by CSN1S1, CSN3 and CSN1S2. CSN1S1, CSN1S2 and CSN2 each had at least two variants while CSN3 had only one functional allele. In future research, the functional impact of these variants should be investigated further. Keywords: Casein; CSN1S1; CSN1S2; CSN2 and CSN3; camel; dromedary; next generation DNA sequencing; casein genetic variability; the UAE Author: Abdullah Al Mutery, Naushad Rais, Walaa KE Mohamed and Tlili Abdelaziz Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Sep 15 12:59:05 2021 CEST ModDate: Wed Sep 15 13:24:38 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 8 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 259528 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- OJUZRT+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 LEWTRA+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 DYDHYZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 UPENQN+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 ZKXLTS+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 JDWIZJ+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 32 0 KONDUX+EuphemiaUCAS-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 40 0 HIZBRM+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 43 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 65 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 69 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 73 0 WRLSLB+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:39:27 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34573399.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:05:45 CEST Size: 259528 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 240 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Animals and Sample Collection Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Next-Generation Sequencing Destination: subsection.2.3 Children: Item: Title: Library Preparation and Sequence Data Generation Destination: subsubsection.2.3.1 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: subsubsection.2.3.2 Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Analysis of CSN1S1 Genetic Variability Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Analysis of CSN1S2 Genetic Variability Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Analysis of CSN2 Genetic Variability Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Analysis of CSN3 Genetic Variability Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: section.4 Info: Title: Genetic Diversity in Casein Gene Cluster in a Dromedary Camel (C. dromedarius) Population from the United Arab Emirates Author: Abdullah Al Mutery, Naushad Rais, Walaa KE Mohamed and Tlili Abdelaziz Subject: Genetic polymorphisms, causing variation in casein genes (CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, and CSN3), have been extensively studied in goats and cows, but there are only few studies reported in camels. Therefore, we aimed to identify alleles with functional roles in the United Arab Emirates dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) population to complement previous studies conducted on the same species. Using targeted next-generation sequencing, we sequenced all genes in the casein gene cluster in 93 female camels to identify and characterize novel gene variants. Most variants were found in noncoding introns and upstream sequences, but a few variants showed the possibility of functional impact. CSN2 was found to be most polymorphic, with total 91 different variants, followed by CSN1S1, CSN3 and CSN1S2. CSN1S1, CSN1S2 and CSN2 each had at least two variants while CSN3 had only one functional allele. In future research, the functional impact of these variants should be investigated further. Keywords: Casein; CSN1S1; CSN1S2; CSN2 and CSN3; camel; dromedary; next generation DNA sequencing; casein genetic variability; the UAE Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Sep 15 12:59:05 CEST 2021 ModDate: Wed Sep 15 13:24:38 CEST 2021 ID: 0x7f7ccb62f6913edcb7e7c58f87d94209, 0x7f7ccb62f6913edcb7e7c58f87d94209 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: JDWIZJ+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 11 LastChar: 22 FontDescriptor: FontName: JDWIZJ+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: DYDHYZ+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: DYDHYZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: WRLSLB+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 48 FontDescriptor: FontName: WRLSLB+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: 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