53cc400566b29b10e480c69f82a2c2bc pmc_34573526.pdf 5fae7f5a95e31a165d64a2154decb87cee89dbda pmc_34573526.pdf e2d49d97829039bf4e7e75446dd7806a137f7a87450928771c0f77514d28c8b3 pmc_34573526.pdf Title: Oxidative Quality of Acid Oils and Fatty Acid Distillates Used in Animal Feeding Subject: Acid oils (AO) and fatty acid distillates (FAD) are byproducts from chemical and physical refining of edible oils and fats, respectively. Their high energy value makes their upcycling interesting as alternatives to conventional fats in animal feeding. The objective of this study is to characterize their oxidative quality and to provide recommendations about their evaluation for animal feeding purposes. The oxidation status (peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine value (p-AnV), % polymeric compounds (POL)), the oxidative stability (induction time by the Rancimat at 120 C (IT)), the fatty acid composition (FA), and tocopherol and tocotrienol content of 92 AO and FAD samples from the Spanish market were analyzed. Both AO and FAD showed low PV (0.8 and 1 meq O2/kg); however, p-AnV was higher in FAD (36.4 vs. 16.4 in AO) and POL was higher in AO (2.5% vs. not detected in FAD) as a consequence of the type of refining process. The botanical origin of AO and FAD influenced FA and tocol composition, and they influenced IT. A high variability was observed for most analyzed parameters, reinforcing the need for standardizing AO and FAD to obtain reliable feed ingredients and to include primary and secondary oxidative parameters within their quality control.+24pt Keywords: fat byproducts; acid oils; fatty acid distillates; characterization; oxidative status; oxidative stability; feeds; animal nutrition Author: Elisa Varona, Alba Tres, Magdalena Rafecas, Stefania Vichi, Roser Sala and Francesc Guardiola Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Aug 31 10:45:52 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Aug 31 12:01:35 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 9193146 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- KORLVE+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes 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edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Samples Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Statistics Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Children: Item: Title: Variability of the Oxidation Parameters and Differences between AO and FAD Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Sample Clustering According to Botanical Origin Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Differences between Botanical Groups within AO and FAD Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Children: Item: Title: Oxidation and Oxidative Stability Parameters Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Fatty Acid (FA) Composition Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Tocopherol (T) and Tocotrienol (T3) Content Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Children: Item: Title: Influence of the Refining Process (AO vs. FAD) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Influence of the Botanical Origin of the Crude Oil Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Comparison with Fat Quality Thresholds in EU Regulations and Guidelines Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Info: Title: Oxidative Quality of Acid Oils and Fatty Acid Distillates Used in Animal Feeding Author: Elisa Varona, Alba Tres, Magdalena Rafecas, Stefania Vichi, Roser Sala and Francesc Guardiola Subject: Acid oils (AO) and fatty acid distillates (FAD) are byproducts from chemical and physical refining of edible oils and fats, respectively. Their high energy value makes their upcycling interesting as alternatives to conventional fats in animal feeding. The objective of this study is to characterize their oxidative quality and to provide recommendations about their evaluation for animal feeding purposes. The oxidation status (peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine value (p-AnV), % polymeric compounds (POL)), the oxidative stability (induction time by the Rancimat at 120 C (IT)), the fatty acid composition (FA), and tocopherol and tocotrienol content of 92 AO and FAD samples from the Spanish market were analyzed. Both AO and FAD showed low PV (0.8 and 1 meq O2/kg); however, p-AnV was higher in FAD (36.4 vs. 16.4 in AO) and POL was higher in AO (2.5% vs. not detected in FAD) as a consequence of the type of refining process. The botanical origin of AO and FAD influenced FA and tocol composition, and they influenced IT. A high variability was observed for most analyzed parameters, reinforcing the need for standardizing AO and FAD to obtain reliable feed ingredients and to include primary and secondary oxidative parameters within their quality control.+24pt Keywords: fat byproducts; acid oils; fatty acid distillates; characterization; oxidative status; oxidative stability; feeds; animal nutrition Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Aug 31 10:45:52 CEST 2021 ModDate: Tue Aug 31 12:01:35 CEST 2021 ID: 0xba51fb7500003a1c7c9eefcf11cc166c, 0xba51fb7500003a1c7c9eefcf11cc166c Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: TVOJWV+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: TVOJWV+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: MOSBKF+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 78 LastChar: 112 FontDescriptor: FontName: 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