bbe9d7aae6c0cc299c38b337e2dabfae pmc_34573552.pdf 965efd2e825efdce58c7e846ae5cadd0a39a89c0 pmc_34573552.pdf a23997dbae48b7e2c2d30b8640d152544a99ea2aef0dfe929a2b80f2166fdafe pmc_34573552.pdf Title: Replacement of Palm Oil with Soybean Acid Oil in Broiler Chicken Diet: Fat Digestibility and Lipid Class Content along the Intestinal Tract Subject: This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of palm oil (P) with increasing levels of soybean acid oil (SA), a by-product of soybean oil (S) refining, on lipid class content and fatty acid (FA) digestibility in the intestine and excreta of chickens at 11 and 35 days (d). Five experimental diets were obtained by supplementing a basal diet with 6% of P (P6), 6% of SA (SA6), 4% of P + 2% SA (P4-SA2), 2% of P + 4% of SA (P2-SA4) and 6% of S (S6). A total of 480 one-d-old female broiler chickens (Ross 308) were housed in metabolic cages (6 cages/treatment, with 16 birds/cage). Replacing P with SA improved fat absorption at 11 and 35 d (p < 0.05), but not feed AME values and saturated FA (SFA) digestibility at 11 d. As age increased, the absorption of SFA and free fatty acids (FFA) improved, and the contribution of the upper ileum to FA absorption increased (p < 0.05). At 35 d, SA6 (56% FFA) and P2-SA4 (40% FFA, 2.6 unsaturated-to-saturated FA ratio) could replace S6 without impairing fat utilization. The replacement of P with SA represents a suitable strategy to use this by-product. Keywords: fat digestibility; lipid classes; free fatty acids; fat by-products; acid oils; broiler chickens; poultry; intestinal tract Author: Beatriz Jimenez-Moya, Ana C. Barroeta, Francesc Guardiola, María Dolores Soler, Raquel Rodriguez-Sanchez and Roser Sala Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Sep 6 08:01:19 2021 CEST ModDate: Mon Sep 6 08:03:03 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1044659 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- FJMGBM+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 CFKJMU+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 VZABFL+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 TXZRVI+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 KNPFEX+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 81 0 NTJMOU+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 98 0 HPBGHA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 118 0 HPBGHB+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 121 0 HPBGHC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 127 0 HPBGHE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 130 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 149 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 153 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 157 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 161 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-03-22 02:45:19 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_34573552.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2021-10-04 03:37:48 CEST Size: 1044659 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 354 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Experimental Fats and Diets Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Birds and Management Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Controls and Sampling Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Laboratory Analyses and Calculations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Children: Item: Title: Characterization of Experimental Oils and Diets Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Growth Performance and Abdominal Fat Deposition Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Lipid Class Content in Different Intestinal Segments and Excreta Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Apparent Fatty-Acid Digestibility in Different Intestinal Segments and Excreta Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Contribution of Each Intestinal Segment to FA Digestibility Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Info: Title: Replacement of Palm Oil with Soybean Acid Oil in Broiler Chicken Diet: Fat Digestibility and Lipid Class Content along the Intestinal Tract Author: Beatriz Jimenez-Moya, Ana C. Barroeta, Francesc Guardiola, María Dolores Soler, Raquel Rodriguez-Sanchez and Roser Sala Subject: This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of palm oil (P) with increasing levels of soybean acid oil (SA), a by-product of soybean oil (S) refining, on lipid class content and fatty acid (FA) digestibility in the intestine and excreta of chickens at 11 and 35 days (d). Five experimental diets were obtained by supplementing a basal diet with 6% of P (P6), 6% of SA (SA6), 4% of P + 2% SA (P4-SA2), 2% of P + 4% of SA (P2-SA4) and 6% of S (S6). A total of 480 one-d-old female broiler chickens (Ross 308) were housed in metabolic cages (6 cages/treatment, with 16 birds/cage). Replacing P with SA improved fat absorption at 11 and 35 d (p < 0.05), but not feed AME values and saturated FA (SFA) digestibility at 11 d. As age increased, the absorption of SFA and free fatty acids (FFA) improved, and the contribution of the upper ileum to FA absorption increased (p < 0.05). At 35 d, SA6 (56% FFA) and P2-SA4 (40% FFA, 2.6 unsaturated-to-saturated FA ratio) could replace S6 without impairing fat utilization. The replacement of P with SA represents a suitable strategy to use this by-product. Keywords: fat digestibility; lipid classes; free fatty acids; fat by-products; acid oils; broiler chickens; poultry; intestinal tract Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Sep 06 08:01:19 CEST 2021 ModDate: Mon Sep 06 08:03:03 CEST 2021 ID: 0x71e07c0e9a50e50bf37454fdd819654a, 0x71e07c0e9a50e50bf37454fdd819654a Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: KNPFEX+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 11 LastChar: 22 FontDescriptor: FontName: KNPFEX+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 112 LastChar: 112 FontDescriptor: FontName: WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -300, 1073, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: VZABFL+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: VZABFL+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: NTJMOU+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 21 FontDescriptor: FontName: NTJMOU+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: TXZRVI+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: TXZRVI+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: FJMGBM+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 160 LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: FJMGBM+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 189 LastChar: 189 FontDescriptor: FontName: WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: CFKJMU+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 39 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: CFKJMU+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 759, 165, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 759, 560, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 142, 643, 153, 656 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 334, 643, 345, 656 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 643, 458, 656 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 249, 630, 260, 644 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 108, 346, 154, 355 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 334, 127, 343 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 162, 97, 184 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 153, 89, 154, 98 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 77, 147, 86 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 116, 17, 251, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 407, 17, 558, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 446, 87, 465 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 497, 724, 504, 733 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 396, 712, 403, 721 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 406, 712, 413, 721 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 210, 661, 217, 670 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 220, 661, 227, 670 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 611, 420, 620 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 586, 236, 595 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 239, 586, 251, 595 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 532, 573, 543, 582 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 561, 556, 570 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 233, 523, 245, 532 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 246, 523, 258, 532 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 258, 486, 270, 495 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 475, 473, 487, 482 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 488, 473, 500, 482 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 500, 473, 512, 482 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 512, 473, 524, 482 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 435, 556, 444 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 220, 146, 232, 155 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 542, 146, 549, 155 ActionDest: 78 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 274, 436, 280, 444 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 397, 417, 402, 425 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 219, 356, 231, 364 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 330, 241, 339 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 273, 328, 279, 340 ActionDest: 78 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 417, 281, 428, 289 ActionDest: 186 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 694, 504, 706 ActionDest: 89 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 283, 383, 289, 390 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 412, 218, 424, 227 ActionDest: 189 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 368, 722, 380, 731 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 327, 559, 339, 568 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 429, 508, 440, 518 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 469, 71, 476, 83 ActionDest: 78 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 310, 682, 317, 694 ActionDest: 89 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 371, 594, 378, 606 ActionDest: 95 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 430, 146, 437, 158 ActionDest: 102 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 457, 146, 464, 158 ActionDest: 105 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 194, 297, 201, 309 ActionDest: 102 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 551, 297, 557, 309 ActionDest: 105 Page: Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 395, 309, 402, 321 ActionDest: 102 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 453, 309, 460, 321 ActionDest: 108 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 235, 296, 242, 308 ActionDest: 105 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 293, 296, 300, 308 ActionDest: 108 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 116, 344, 128 ActionDest: 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 364, 116, 371, 128 ActionDest: 138 Page: Sequence: 10 Page: Sequence: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 218, 137, 225, 149 ActionDest: 142 Page: Sequence: 12 Page: Sequence: 13 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 412, 619, 419, 631 ActionDest: 142 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 569, 455, 581 ActionDest: 142 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 345, 352, 354 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 320, 350, 329 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 187, 308, 199, 317 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 308, 556, 317 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 545, 283, 557, 292 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 258, 207, 267 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 207, 556, 216 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 182, 233, 191 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 474, 182, 486, 191 ActionDest: 186 Page: Sequence: 14 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 530, 647, 542, 656 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 622, 211, 631 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 516, 607, 523, 619 ActionDest: 102 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 476, 559, 483, 568 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 408, 509, 420, 518 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 522, 509, 534, 518 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 496, 293, 505 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 446, 490, 455 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 301, 383, 308, 392 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 308, 383, 320, 392 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 321, 383, 333, 392 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 333, 383, 345, 392 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 357, 333, 369, 342 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 502, 270, 514, 279 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 258, 245, 270, 254 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 433, 220, 445, 229 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 548, 220, 555, 229 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 214, 208, 226, 217 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 350, 208, 362, 217 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 452, 208, 458, 217 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 289, 145, 301, 154 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 416, 132, 428, 141 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 518, 95, 530, 104 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 363, 82, 375, 91 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 513, 82, 525, 91 ActionDest: 186 Page: Sequence: 15 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 193, 722, 205, 731 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 261, 647, 273, 656 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 622, 370, 631 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 488, 544, 495, 556 ActionDest: 89 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 420, 534, 432, 543 ActionDest: 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 424, 219, 560, 230 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 166, 207, 266, 218 Page: Sequence: 16 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 193, 549, 544, 560 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 504, 142, 514 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 113, 469, 151, 479 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 434, 97, 445 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 400, 97, 410 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 238, 377, 275, 387 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 499, 342, 536, 353 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 301, 319, 339, 330 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 345, 319, 381, 330 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 296, 557, 307 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 359, 273, 396, 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 402, 273, 438, 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 329, 250, 366, 261 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 226, 556, 238 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 204, 375, 214 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 382, 204, 418, 214 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 283, 181, 320, 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 248, 147, 286, 157 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 292, 147, 328, 157 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 237, 111, 274, 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 465, 88, 502, 99 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 508, 88, 544, 99 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 398, 65, 435, 76 Page: Sequence: 17 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 350, 721, 387, 732 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 675, 439, 686 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 675, 481, 686 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 424, 663, 461, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 468, 663, 504, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 194, 641, 232, 651 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 350, 629, 388, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 205, 606, 243, 617 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 594, 543, 605 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 459, 571, 496, 582 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 503, 571, 539, 582 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 549, 97, 559 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 549, 139, 559 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 503, 278, 513 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 320, 479, 357, 490 Checksum: fffb8272 Type: CRC32 Checksum: bbe9d7aae6c0cc299c38b337e2dabfae Type: MD5 Checksum: 965efd2e825efdce58c7e846ae5cadd0a39a89c0 Type: SHA-1