8d1ee5ec47408c612e72dcddd19a2be6 pmc_34679503.pdf 680bcbbeb8c60cad1ed07e48971f45d985671607 pmc_34679503.pdf c3ac7919dbce906eac84d52ae37776b005b0f07f3d9ee33d6315e97560618d2f pmc_34679503.pdf Title: Predictors of Loss of Functional Independence in Parkinson’s Disease: Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up and Comparison with a Control Group Subject: Background and objective: The aim of this study was to compare the progression of independence in activities of daily living (ADL) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients versus a control group, as well as to identify predictors of disability progression and functional dependency (FD). Patients and Methods: PD patients and control subjects, who were recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort between January 2016 and November 2017 (V0), were included. Patients and subjects were then evaluated again at the 2-year follow-up (V2). Disability was assessed with the Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living Scale (S&E-ADLS) at V0 and V2. FD was defined as an S&E-ADLS score less than 80%. Results: In the PD group, a significant decrease in the S&E-ADLS score from V0 to V2 (N = 507; from 88.58 10.19 to 84.26 13.38; p < 0.0001; Cohen's effect size = -0.519) was observed but not in controls (N = 124; from 98.87 6.52 to 99.52 2.15; p = 0.238). When only patients considered functional independent at baseline were included, 55 out of 463 (11.9%) converted to functional dependent at V2. To be a female (OR = 2.908; p = 0.009), have longer disease duration (OR = 1.152; p = 0.002), have a non-tremoric motor phenotype at baseline (OR = 3.574; p = 0.004), have a higher score at baseline in FOGQ (OR = 1.244; p < 0.0001) and BDI-II (OR = 1.080; p = 0.008), have a lower score at baseline in PD-CRS (OR = 0.963; p = 0.008), and have a greater increase in the score from V0 to V2 in UPDRS-IV (OR = 1.168; p = 0.0.29), FOGQ (OR = 1.348; p < 0.0001) and VAFS-Mental (OR = 1.177; p = 0.013) (adjusted R-squared 0.52; Hosmer and Lemeshow test = 0.94) were all found to be independent predictors of FD at V2. Conclusions: In conclusion, autonomy for ADL worsens in PD patients compared to controls. Cognitive impairment, gait problems, fatigue, depressive symptoms, more advanced disease, and a non-tremor phenotype are independent predictors of FD in the short-term. Keywords: activities of daily living; dependency; disability; gait; Parkinson’s disease Author: Diego Santos García, Teresa de Deus Fonticoba, Carlos Cores Bartolomé, Lucía Naya Ríos, Lucía García Roca, Cristina Martínez Miró, Hector Canfield, Silvia Jesús, Miquel Aguilar, Pau Pastor, Marina Cosgaya, Juan García Caldentey, Nuria Caballol, Inés Legarda, Jorge Hernández Vara, Iria Cabo, Lydia López Manzanares, Isabel González Aramburu, María A. Ávila Rivera, Víctor Gómez Mayordomo, Víctor Nogueira, Víctor Puente, Julio Dotor, Carmen Borrué, Berta Solano Vila, María Álvarez Sauco, Lydia Vela, Sonia Escalante, Esther Cubo, Francisco Carrillo Padilla, Juan C. Martínez Castrillo, Pilar Sánchez Alonso, Maria G. Alonso Losada, Nuria López Ariztegui, Itziar Gastón, Jaime Kulisevsky, Marta Blázquez Estrada, Manuel Seijo, Javier Rúiz Martínez, Caridad Valero, Mónica Kurtis, Oriol de Fábregues, Jessica González Ardura, Ruben Alonso Redondo, Carlos Ordás, Luis M. López Díaz, Darrian McAfee, Pablo Martinez-Martin, Pablo Mir and COPPADIS Study Group Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Sep 30 05:04:01 2021 CEST ModDate: Thu Sep 30 05:18:53 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 26 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1382898 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- KWUCKX+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 RDKOYA+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 OCLWYA+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 VNJKFU+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 WIRPUU+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 BXZUUH+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 KOSUXD+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 78 0 AUNAJP+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 88 0 EHMFCH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 104 0 EHMFCJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 EHMFEK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 110 0 LWLIVD+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 119 0 EHMFCH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 126 0 EHMFCI+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 129 0 EHMFCJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 135 0 EHMFEK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 138 0 EHMHDP+Arial CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 141 0 EHMHEB+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 147 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 154 0 ZYYJXI+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 164 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 171 0 EHMFCH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 181 0 EHMFCI+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 184 0 EHMFCJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 190 0 EHMFEK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 193 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-27 02:55:53 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34679503.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:05:53 CEST Size: 1382898 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 443 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Standard Protocol Approvals, Registrations, and Patient Consents Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Data Availability Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Info: Title: Predictors of Loss of Functional Independence in Parkinson’s Disease: Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up and Comparison with a Control Group Author: Diego Santos García, Teresa de Deus Fonticoba, Carlos Cores Bartolomé, Lucía Naya Ríos, Lucía García Roca, Cristina Martínez Miró, Hector Canfield, Silvia Jesús, Miquel Aguilar, Pau Pastor, Marina Cosgaya, Juan García Caldentey, Nuria Caballol, Inés Legarda, Jorge Hernández Vara, Iria Cabo, Lydia López Manzanares, Isabel González Aramburu, María A. Ávila Rivera, Víctor Gómez Mayordomo, Víctor Nogueira, Víctor Puente, Julio Dotor, Carmen Borrué, Berta Solano Vila, María Álvarez Sauco, Lydia Vela, Sonia Escalante, Esther Cubo, Francisco Carrillo Padilla, Juan C. Martínez Castrillo, Pilar Sánchez Alonso, Maria G. Alonso Losada, Nuria López Ariztegui, Itziar Gastón, Jaime Kulisevsky, Marta Blázquez Estrada, Manuel Seijo, Javier Rúiz Martínez, Caridad Valero, Mónica Kurtis, Oriol de Fábregues, Jessica González Ardura, Ruben Alonso Redondo, Carlos Ordás, Luis M. López Díaz, Darrian McAfee, Pablo Martinez-Martin, Pablo Mir and COPPADIS Study Group Subject: Background and objective: The aim of this study was to compare the progression of independence in activities of daily living (ADL) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients versus a control group, as well as to identify predictors of disability progression and functional dependency (FD). Patients and Methods: PD patients and control subjects, who were recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort between January 2016 and November 2017 (V0), were included. Patients and subjects were then evaluated again at the 2-year follow-up (V2). Disability was assessed with the Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living Scale (S&E-ADLS) at V0 and V2. FD was defined as an S&E-ADLS score less than 80%. Results: In the PD group, a significant decrease in the S&E-ADLS score from V0 to V2 (N = 507; from 88.58 10.19 to 84.26 13.38; p < 0.0001; Cohen's effect size = -0.519) was observed but not in controls (N = 124; from 98.87 6.52 to 99.52 2.15; p = 0.238). When only patients considered functional independent at baseline were included, 55 out of 463 (11.9%) converted to functional dependent at V2. To be a female (OR = 2.908; p = 0.009), have longer disease duration (OR = 1.152; p = 0.002), have a non-tremoric motor phenotype at baseline (OR = 3.574; p = 0.004), have a higher score at baseline in FOGQ (OR = 1.244; p < 0.0001) and BDI-II (OR = 1.080; p = 0.008), have a lower score at baseline in PD-CRS (OR = 0.963; p = 0.008), and have a greater increase in the score from V0 to V2 in UPDRS-IV (OR = 1.168; p = 0.0.29), FOGQ (OR = 1.348; p < 0.0001) and VAFS-Mental (OR = 1.177; p = 0.013) (adjusted R-squared 0.52; Hosmer and Lemeshow test = 0.94) were all found to be independent predictors of FD at V2. Conclusions: In conclusion, autonomy for ADL worsens in PD patients compared to controls. Cognitive impairment, gait problems, fatigue, depressive symptoms, more advanced disease, and a non-tremor phenotype are independent predictors of FD in the short-term. 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