5d6c3ecccb173bba5fa2221e156562e4 pmc_34679858.pdf 7950b3ab620ec9e86e1fc428b53c683111969a94 pmc_34679858.pdf 3727de380449916cd82d923cf3ec5b7523975a0f9ca73aa8f61b1c89fedad35c pmc_34679858.pdf Title: Extended-Spectrum -Lactam Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Wild European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europeus) Living in Populated Areas Subject: Wildlife has been suggested to be a good sentinel of environmental health because of its close interaction with human populations, domestic animals, and natural ecosystems. The alarming emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human and veterinary medicine has activated/triggered the awareness of monitoring the levels of AMR pollution in wildlife. European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are common wild species habiting urban areas in Europe. However, there are few studies conducted in hedgehogs as reservoirs of AMR bacteria or genes. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and distribution of ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria and AMR genes in wild European hedgehogs in Catalonia, a densely populated region of NE Spain. A total of 115 hedgehogs admitted at the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Torreferrussa were studied. To our knowledge, this is the first description of -lactam resistant enterobacteria in wild hedgehogs. Interestingly, 36.8% (42/114) of the animals were detected as carriers of -lactamase/carbapenemase resistance genes. Klebsiella spp. (59.6%), and specifically K. pneumoniae (84.6%), were the bacteria with the highest proportion of resistance genes, followed by E. coli (34.6%) and C. freundii (5.8%). The most frequently detected genetic variants were blaCTX-M-15 (19.3%), blaSHV-28 (10.5%), blaCMY-1 (9.7%), blaCMY-2 (8.8%), and blaOXA-48 (1.7%). In addition, 52% (27/52) of the isolates presented a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype and 31% had an extended drug resistance (XDR) profile. No clustering of animals with AMR genes within the study region was shown in the spatial analysis, nor differences in the proportion of positive animals among regions, were detected. The results of this study suggest that wild European hedgehogs could be good sentinels of AMR environmental pollution, especially in areas with a high human population density, because they either inhabit and/or feed in an anthropogenic environment. In conclusion, it is crucial to raise awareness of the strong interconnection between habitats and compartments, and therefore this implies that AMR issues must be tackled under the One Health approach. Keywords: wild European hedgehogs; antimicrobial resistance; ESBL; K. pneumoniae; E. coli Author: Biel Garcias, Laia Aguirre, Chiara Seminati, Nerea Reyes, Alberto Allepuz, Elena Obón, Rafael A. Molina-Lopez and Laila Darwich Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Oct 12 04:40:59 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Oct 12 05:03:44 2021 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2232652 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- SOZKOC+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 HHFREY+EURM7 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 15 0 QDTNFC+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 CAMXTK+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 23 0 WLLELL+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 27 0 CLLZRO+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 FWTJNO+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 36 0 GPYQOL+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 40 0 ZYYJXI+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 44 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 52 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 74 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 78 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 82 0 VORBJF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 94 0 CKHGII+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 114 0 CKHGIK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 117 0 CKHGIM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 120 0 IUOUHH+PazoMath-BoldItalic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 135 0 CKHGII+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 149 0 CKHGIK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 152 0 CKHGIM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 155 0 CKHHLH+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 158 0 CKHGII+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 172 0 CKHGIJ+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 175 0 CKHGIK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 181 0 CKHGIM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 184 0 CKHGII+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 198 0 CKHGIJ+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 201 0 CKHGIK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 207 0 CKHGIM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 210 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-03-22 02:40:16 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_34679858.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-01-11 05:19:54 CET Size: 2232652 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 416 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Study Population Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Microbiological Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Info: Title: Extended-Spectrum -Lactam Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Wild European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europeus) Living in Populated Areas Author: Biel Garcias, Laia Aguirre, Chiara Seminati, Nerea Reyes, Alberto Allepuz, Elena Obón, Rafael A. Molina-Lopez and Laila Darwich Subject: Wildlife has been suggested to be a good sentinel of environmental health because of its close interaction with human populations, domestic animals, and natural ecosystems. The alarming emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human and veterinary medicine has activated/triggered the awareness of monitoring the levels of AMR pollution in wildlife. European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are common wild species habiting urban areas in Europe. However, there are few studies conducted in hedgehogs as reservoirs of AMR bacteria or genes. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and distribution of ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria and AMR genes in wild European hedgehogs in Catalonia, a densely populated region of NE Spain. A total of 115 hedgehogs admitted at the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Torreferrussa were studied. To our knowledge, this is the first description of -lactam resistant enterobacteria in wild hedgehogs. Interestingly, 36.8% (42/114) of the animals were detected as carriers of -lactamase/carbapenemase resistance genes. Klebsiella spp. (59.6%), and specifically K. pneumoniae (84.6%), were the bacteria with the highest proportion of resistance genes, followed by E. coli (34.6%) and C. freundii (5.8%). The most frequently detected genetic variants were blaCTX-M-15 (19.3%), blaSHV-28 (10.5%), blaCMY-1 (9.7%), blaCMY-2 (8.8%), and blaOXA-48 (1.7%). In addition, 52% (27/52) of the isolates presented a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype and 31% had an extended drug resistance (XDR) profile. No clustering of animals with AMR genes within the study region was shown in the spatial analysis, nor differences in the proportion of positive animals among regions, were detected. The results of this study suggest that wild European hedgehogs could be good sentinels of AMR environmental pollution, especially in areas with a high human population density, because they either inhabit and/or feed in an anthropogenic environment. In conclusion, it is crucial to raise awareness of the strong interconnection between habitats and compartments, and therefore this implies that AMR issues must be tackled under the One Health approach. 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