9107b5ee840737563088764780be4929 pmc_34681905.pdf 3c797f0c9d58bc35dd20ce49cf29cba9f3644861 pmc_34681905.pdf 2fc0f197b91b7bfa047f46bc77dff7dc7cd64e588b515b2f85a9c4d7211857ee pmc_34681905.pdf Title: Molecular Pathways in Prolactinomas: Translational and Therapeutic Implications Subject: Prolactinoma has the highest incidence rate among patients with functional pituitary tumours. Although mostly benign, there is a subgroup that can be aggressive. Some clinical, radiological and pathology features have been associated with a poor prognostic. Therefore, it can be considered as a group of heterogeneous tumours. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the molecular pathways involved in the behaviour of prolactinoma in order to improve our approach and gain deeper insight into the better understanding of tumour development and its management. This is essential for identifying patients harbouring aggressive prolactinoma and to establish personalised therapeutics options. Keywords: prolactinoma; molecular; review; prolactin; receptor; dopamine; lactotroph tumour Author: Betina Biagetti and Rafael Simò Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Oct 19 10:45:10 2021 CEST ModDate: Wed Oct 20 06:02:39 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1602014 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- XVNVFG+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 MBMOIE+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 SDSOVB+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 AWJOLX+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 23 0 WLFTRW+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 27 0 ZUGGVO+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 IRWHZX+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C 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DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Pituitary Development and Lactotroph Lineage Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Anatomy and Ontogeny of Pituitary Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Lactotroph Lineage Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Prolactin Axis, Dopamine Receptor and Prolactin Receptor Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Prolactin Axis Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: D2 Receptor, Prolactin Secretion and Antiproliferative Activity Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Prolactin Receptor, Intracellular Signalling and Autocrine Function Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Tumour Development, Lessons from Mice Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: D2R-Deficient Mice and Dopamine Transporter-Deficient Mice Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: PRLR Deficient Mice Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Gender Differences and Oestrogens in Prolactinomas Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Somatostatin Receptors and Prolactinoma Destination: section.6 Item: Title: Genomics in Prolactinoma Destination: section.7 Item: Title: Clinical Features Predicting Prolactinoma Response to DA Destination: section.8 Item: Title: Future Direction and Medical Options in Aggressive Prolactinomas Destination: section.9 Children: Item: Title: JAK2-STAT Destination: subsection.9.1 Item: Title: PI3K-Akt-mTOR Destination: subsection.9.2 Item: Title: MAPK/AMPK Pathway Destination: subsection.9.3 Item: Title: Oestrogen Modulation Destination: subsection.9.4 Item: Title: Temozolomide and Others Cytotoxic Agents Destination: subsection.9.5 Item: Title: Concluding Remarks Destination: section.10 Item: Title: Search Strategy and Selection Criteria Destination: section.11 Item: Title: References Destination: section.11 Info: Title: Molecular Pathways in Prolactinomas: Translational and Therapeutic Implications Author: Betina Biagetti and Rafael Simò Subject: Prolactinoma has the highest incidence rate among patients with functional pituitary tumours. Although mostly benign, there is a subgroup that can be aggressive. Some clinical, radiological and pathology features have been associated with a poor prognostic. Therefore, it can be considered as a group of heterogeneous tumours. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the molecular pathways involved in the behaviour of prolactinoma in order to improve our approach and gain deeper insight into the better understanding of tumour development and its management. This is essential for identifying patients harbouring aggressive prolactinoma and to establish personalised therapeutics options. 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