0ef9a4e19e64088953e0d5f813d54bc7 pmc_34683828.pdf 64f6d65fca31ce1cc7c828afa2ffcaafcc08834c pmc_34683828.pdf 662827ba243d67c63dbe9876ace9e4b8fe5a1aee22b81b2a8982d9eb59402d2c pmc_34683828.pdf Title: Interaction of Energy Drinks with Prescription Medication and Drugs of Abuse Subject: In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks (EDs) has become increasingly popular, especially among adolescents. Caffeine, a psychostimulant, is the main compound of EDs which also contain other substances with pharmacological effects. This review aims to compile current evidence concerning the potential interactions between EDs, medicines, and drugs of abuse as they are frequently consumed in combination. The substances involved are mainly substrates, inductors or inhibitors of CYP1A2, psychostimulants, alcohol and other depressant drugs. Furthermore, intoxications reported with EDs and other substances have also been screened to describe acute toxicity. The results of our review show that the consumption of both EDs alone and in combination is not as safe as previously thought. Health professionals and consumers need to be aware of the potential interactions of these drinks as well as the absence of long-term safety data. Keywords: energy drinks; caffeine; drug interactions; pharmacokinetics Author: Olga Hladun, Esther Papaseit, Soraya Martín, Ana Maria Barriocanal, Lourdes Poyatos, Magí Farré and Clara Pérez-Mañá Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sun Sep 26 08:23:03 2021 CEST ModDate: Mon Sep 27 09:09:04 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 16 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 369144 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- OQLADX+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 MFUAGQ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 ARQETD+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 LMIUPZ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 IOJCNK+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 IAFAOG+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 37 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 65 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 69 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 73 0 HIJFVP+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 CRJHCU+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 92 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:38:38 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34683828.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:05:56 CEST Size: 369144 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 562 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Mechanism of Action, Pharmacokinetics, and Adverse Effects Destination: subsection.3.1 Children: Item: Title: Caffeine Destination: subsubsection.3.1.1 Item: Title: Guarana Destination: subsubsection.3.1.2 Item: Title: Yerba Mate Destination: subsubsection.3.1.3 Item: Title: Taurine Destination: subsubsection.3.1.4 Item: Title: Ginseng Destination: subsubsection.3.1.5 Item: Title: Ginkgo biloba Destination: subsubsection.3.1.6 Item: Title: 5-Hydroxytryptophan Destination: subsubsection.3.1.7 Item: Title: Bitter Orange Destination: subsubsection.3.1.8 Item: Title: Glucuronolactone Destination: subsubsection.3.1.9 Item: Title: Interactions with Prescription Medication and Drugs of Abuse Destination: subsection.3.2 Children: Item: Title: Caffeine Destination: subsubsection.3.2.1 Item: Title: Guarana and Yerba Mate Destination: subsubsection.3.2.2 Item: Title: Taurine, Ginseng and Bitter Orange Destination: subsubsection.3.2.3 Item: Title: Ginkgo biloba Destination: subsubsection.3.2.4 Item: Title: 5-Hydroxytryptophan Destination: subsubsection.3.2.5 Item: Title: Other Ingredients Destination: subsubsection.3.2.6 Item: Title: Interactions with Energy Drinks Destination: subsubsection.3.2.7 Item: Title: Intoxications with EDs and Management Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Caffeine/ED Substance Use Disorder Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Interaction of Energy Drinks with Prescription Medication and Drugs of Abuse Author: Olga Hladun, Esther Papaseit, Soraya Martín, Ana Maria Barriocanal, Lourdes Poyatos, Magí Farré and Clara Pérez-Mañá Subject: In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks (EDs) has become increasingly popular, especially among adolescents. Caffeine, a psychostimulant, is the main compound of EDs which also contain other substances with pharmacological effects. This review aims to compile current evidence concerning the potential interactions between EDs, medicines, and drugs of abuse as they are frequently consumed in combination. The substances involved are mainly substrates, inductors or inhibitors of CYP1A2, psychostimulants, alcohol and other depressant drugs. Furthermore, intoxications reported with EDs and other substances have also been screened to describe acute toxicity. The results of our review show that the consumption of both EDs alone and in combination is not as safe as previously thought. Health professionals and consumers need to be aware of the potential interactions of these drinks as well as the absence of long-term safety data. 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