d64cc23e4afdbe6a2cf1ce643b86f4bf pmc_34945732.pdf 8bcfbad5aafc96b8ebcef90d9dc65b679b9aeaa4 pmc_34945732.pdf bd888c04c809f96493e2080e8cd06861d0fdc7fd2c1b5af83a2f7ee66faa687a pmc_34945732.pdf Title: Virtual Reality-Based Early Neurocognitive Stimulation in Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Subject: This study focuses on the application of a non-immersive virtual reality (VR)-based neurocognitive intervention in critically ill patients. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of direct outcome measures to detect the impact of this digital therapy on patients’ cognitive and emotional outcomes. Seventy-two mechanically ventilated adult patients were randomly assigned to the “treatment as usual” (TAU, n = 38) or the “early neurocognitive stimulation” (ENRIC, n = 34) groups. All patients received standard intensive care unit (ICU) care. Patients in the ENRIC group also received adjuvant neurocognitive stimulation during the ICU stay. Outcome measures were a full neuropsychological battery and two mental health questionnaires. A total of 42 patients (21 ENRIC) completed assessment one month after ICU discharge, and 24 (10 ENRIC) one year later. At one-month follow-up, ENRIC patients had better working memory scores (p = 0.009, d = 0.363) and showed up to 50% less non-specific anxiety (11.8% vs. 21.1%) and depression (5.9% vs. 10.5%) than TAU patients. A general linear model of repeated measures reported a main effect of group, but not of time or group–time interaction, on working memory, with ENRIC patients outperforming TAU patients (p = 0.008, p2 = 0.282). Our results suggest that non-immersive VR-based neurocognitive stimulation may help improve short-term working memory outcomes in survivors of critical illness. Moreover, this advantage could be maintained in the long term. An efficacy trial in a larger sample of participants is feasible and must be conducted. Keywords: critical illness; digital therapy; prevention; post-intensive care syndrome; working memory Author: Guillem Navarra-Ventura, Gemma Gomà, Candelaria de Haro, Mercè Jodar, Leonardo Sarlabous, David Hernando, Raquel Bailón, Ana Ochagavía, Lluís Blanch, Josefina López-Aguilar and Sol Fernández-Gonzalo Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Dec 1 11:08:29 2021 CET ModDate: Wed Dec 1 11:12:52 2021 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1359148 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- VJAUGW+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 XQSONM+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 15 0 LGBZVJ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 UQAQLW+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 UCCWKI+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 NFJSFM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 UIJACC+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 40 0 BSDWLC+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 43 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 65 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 69 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 73 0 GQWIGS+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 91 0 CAIOJP+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 98 0 CAIOKA+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 101 0 CAIOKB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 CAIOLD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 110 0 MAEFGS+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 120 0 KXEOLC+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 130 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-27 02:52:53 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34945732.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:06:36 CEST Size: 1359148 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 353 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Study Design Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Sample Size Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: ENRIC Technology Features Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Participants and Procedure Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Cognitive and Emotional Assessment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Children: Item: Title: Sample Characteristics Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Characteristics of Early Neurocognitive Stimulation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Cognitive and Emotional Outcomes One Month after ICU Discharge Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Change in Cognitive and Emotional Outcomes over a 12 Month Period Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Impact of Demographic and Clinical Variables on Working Memory Performance Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Info: Title: Virtual Reality-Based Early Neurocognitive Stimulation in Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Author: Guillem Navarra-Ventura, Gemma Gomà, Candelaria de Haro, Mercè Jodar, Leonardo Sarlabous, David Hernando, Raquel Bailón, Ana Ochagavía, Lluís Blanch, Josefina López-Aguilar and Sol Fernández-Gonzalo Subject: This study focuses on the application of a non-immersive virtual reality (VR)-based neurocognitive intervention in critically ill patients. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of direct outcome measures to detect the impact of this digital therapy on patients’ cognitive and emotional outcomes. Seventy-two mechanically ventilated adult patients were randomly assigned to the “treatment as usual” (TAU, n = 38) or the “early neurocognitive stimulation” (ENRIC, n = 34) groups. All patients received standard intensive care unit (ICU) care. Patients in the ENRIC group also received adjuvant neurocognitive stimulation during the ICU stay. Outcome measures were a full neuropsychological battery and two mental health questionnaires. A total of 42 patients (21 ENRIC) completed assessment one month after ICU discharge, and 24 (10 ENRIC) one year later. At one-month follow-up, ENRIC patients had better working memory scores (p = 0.009, d = 0.363) and showed up to 50% less non-specific anxiety (11.8% vs. 21.1%) and depression (5.9% vs. 10.5%) than TAU patients. A general linear model of repeated measures reported a main effect of group, but not of time or group time interaction, on working memory, with ENRIC patients outperforming TAU patients (p = 0.008, p2 = 0.282). Our results suggest that non-immersive VR-based neurocognitive stimulation may help improve short-term working memory outcomes in survivors of critical illness. Moreover, this advantage could be maintained in the long term. An efficacy trial in a larger sample of participants is feasible and must be conducted. 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