c41be540257b4a310ac939c9dfa658e0 pmc_34959921.pdf 72d295cacfaf649870a02a11646ab81977f509b8 pmc_34959921.pdf dd5a4fa795024d05b799a8dd9b5c5e4ea542acdca53fa32934d336fae8d915b9 pmc_34959921.pdf Title: Advanced Quantitative Lipoprotein Characteristics Do Not Relate to Healthy Dietary Patterns in Adults from a Mediterranean Area Subject: We aimed to assess the potential relationship between dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean diet and healthy eating) and the advanced lipoprotein profile (ALP) in a representative cohort of the Mediterranean population. Thus, ALP data from 1142 participants, including 222 with type 1 (19.4%) and 252 type 2 diabetes (22.1%), and 668 subjects without diabetes were used to study cross-sectional associations between quantitative characteristics of lipoproteins and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED) and the alternate healthy eating index (aHEI) were calculated. The ALP was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed. Participants in the third tertile of the aMED showed higher levels of low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (LDL-TG) (mean (SD) 17.5 (5.0); p = 0.037), large high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL-P) (0.3 (0.1); p = 0.037), and medium low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL-P) (434.0 (143.0); p = 0.037). In comparison with participants in the second and first tertiles of the aHEI, participants in the third tertile had higher levels of LDL-TG (17.7 (5.0); p = 0.010), and large HDL-P (0.3 (0.1); p = 0.002), IDL-C (11.8 (5.0); p = 0.001), intermediate-density lipoprotein triglycerides (IDL-TG) (13.2 (4.2); p < 0.001), LDL-TG (17.7(5.0); p = 0.010), high-density lipoprotein triglycerides (HDL-TG) (14.5 (4.4); p = 0.029,) large HDL-P (0.3 (0.1); p = 0.002) and very–low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDL-P) size (42.1 (0.2); p = 0.011). The adjusted-multivariable analysis for potential confounding variables did not show any association between the lipoproteins and dietary patterns (i.e., aMED and aHEI). In conclusion, none of the quantitative characteristics of lipoproteins were concomitantly associated with the extent of adherence to the Mediterranean diet measured using the aMED or aHEI scores in the studied population. Our findings also revealed that people with the highest adherence were older, had a higher body mass index (BMI) and more frequently had dyslipidemia, hypertension, or diabetes than those with the lowest adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MDiet). Thus, further research may be needed to assess the potential role of the dietary pattern on the ALP. Keywords: Mediterranean diet; healthy eating; dietary pattern; advanced lipoprotein profile Author: Marina Idalia Rojo-López, Esmeralda Castelblanco, Jordi Real, Marta Hernández, Mireia Falguera, Núria Amigó, Josep Julve, Núria Alonso, Josep Franch-Nadal, Minerva Granado-Casas and Dídac Mauricio Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Dec 6 07:04:20 2021 CET ModDate: Mon Dec 6 07:43:23 2021 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 323453 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- XMESMT+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 EXZEGU+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 YKBXNZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 ZQQVAT+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 JCYIDT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 HGMNRX+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 VYTPII+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 87 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 94 0 VDNGGL+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 98 0 NJWNDJ+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 117 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-27 02:52:19 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34959921.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:08:10 CEST Size: 323453 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 283 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Study Design Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Clinical Data Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Dietary Pattern Assessment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Advanced Lipoprotein Profile Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Children: Item: Title: Dietary Intake of the Study Subjects Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Advanced Lipoprotein Profile and Mediterranean Diet Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Advanced Lipoprotein Profile and Healthy Eating Pattern Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Info: Title: Advanced Quantitative Lipoprotein Characteristics Do Not Relate to Healthy Dietary Patterns in Adults from a Mediterranean Area Author: Marina Idalia Rojo-López, Esmeralda Castelblanco, Jordi Real, Marta Hernández, Mireia Falguera, Núria Amigó, Josep Julve, Núria Alonso, Josep Franch-Nadal, Minerva Granado-Casas and Dídac Mauricio Subject: We aimed to assess the potential relationship between dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean diet and healthy eating) and the advanced lipoprotein profile (ALP) in a representative cohort of the Mediterranean population. Thus, ALP data from 1142 participants, including 222 with type 1 (19.4%) and 252 type 2 diabetes (22.1%), and 668 subjects without diabetes were used to study cross-sectional associations between quantitative characteristics of lipoproteins and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED) and the alternate healthy eating index (aHEI) were calculated. The ALP was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed. Participants in the third tertile of the aMED showed higher levels of low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (LDL-TG) (mean (SD) 17.5 (5.0); p = 0.037), large high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL-P) (0.3 (0.1); p = 0.037), and medium low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL-P) (434.0 (143.0); p = 0.037). In comparison with participants in the second and first tertiles of the aHEI, participants in the third tertile had higher levels of LDL-TG (17.7 (5.0); p = 0.010), and large HDL-P (0.3 (0.1); p = 0.002), IDL-C (11.8 (5.0); p = 0.001), intermediate-density lipoprotein triglycerides (IDL-TG) (13.2 (4.2); p < 0.001), LDL-TG (17.7(5.0); p = 0.010), high-density lipoprotein triglycerides (HDL-TG) (14.5 (4.4); p = 0.029,) large HDL-P (0.3 (0.1); p = 0.002) and very low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDL-P) size (42.1 (0.2); p = 0.011). The adjusted-multivariable analysis for potential confounding variables did not show any association between the lipoproteins and dietary patterns (i.e., aMED and aHEI). In conclusion, none of the quantitative characteristics of lipoproteins were concomitantly associated with the extent of adherence to the Mediterranean diet measured using the aMED or aHEI scores in the studied population. Our findings also revealed that people with the highest adherence were older, had a higher body mass index (BMI) and more frequently had dyslipidemia, hypertension, or diabetes than those with the lowest adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MDiet). Thus, further research may be needed to assess the potential role of the dietary pattern on the ALP. Keywords: Mediterranean diet; healthy eating; dietary pattern; advanced lipoprotein profile Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Dec 06 07:04:20 CET 2021 ModDate: Mon Dec 06 07:43:23 CET 2021 ID: 0xdf895381780cceb493209548df706c23, 0xdf895381780cceb493209548df706c23 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: VDNGGL+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 20 FontDescriptor: FontName: VDNGGL+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: YKBXNZ+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 150 FontDescriptor: FontName: YKBXNZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: NJWNDJ+VnURWPalladioL-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 189 LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: NJWNDJ+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: VYTPII+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 112 FontDescriptor: FontName: VYTPII+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -300, 1073, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: ZQQVAT+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 246 FontDescriptor: FontName: ZQQVAT+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: XMESMT+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 128 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: XMESMT+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: JCYIDT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 161 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: JCYIDT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: OVNEXW+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 22 LastChar: 22 FontDescriptor: FontName: OVNEXW+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: EXZEGU+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 241 FontDescriptor: FontName: EXZEGU+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 759, 169, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 759, 560, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 279, 643, 290, 656 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 451, 643, 462, 656 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 115, 630, 126, 644 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 204, 630, 215, 644 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 179, 620, 190, 631 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 620, 329, 631 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 82, 358, 154, 367 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 347, 99, 355 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 162, 97, 184 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 153, 89, 154, 98 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 77, 147, 86 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 121, 17, 255, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 402, 17, 558, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 482, 87, 501 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 556, 460, 565 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 461, 556, 468, 565 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 493, 506, 500, 515 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 510, 481, 517, 490 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 456, 556, 465 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 339, 430, 346, 440 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 344, 405, 351, 414 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 534, 393, 541, 402 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 393, 556, 402 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 343, 270, 352 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 514, 330, 521, 339 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 522, 330, 529, 339 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 333, 293, 345, 301 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 190, 255, 201, 264 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 230, 268, 239 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 326, 205, 338, 214 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 434, 192, 446, 201 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 154, 214, 163 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 360, 142, 367, 151 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 367, 142, 379, 151 ActionDest: 111 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 400, 643, 412, 652 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 415, 643, 427, 652 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 442, 379, 454, 388 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 379, 466, 388 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 357, 316, 369, 325 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 501, 316, 513, 325 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 306, 253, 318, 262 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 253, 330, 262 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 203, 214, 212 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 214, 203, 226, 212 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 307, 165, 319, 174 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 128, 315, 137 ActionDest: 114 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 432, 722, 444, 731 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 722, 459, 731 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 524, 659, 531, 668 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 510, 584, 517, 593 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 517, 584, 529, 593 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 445, 536, 455 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 307, 413, 316 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 322, 254, 329, 266 ActionDest: 84 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 496, 286, 503, 298 ActionDest: 91 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 353, 720, 360, 732 ActionDest: 102 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 482, 437, 489, 449 ActionDest: 91 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 237, 237, 244, 249 ActionDest: 102 Page: Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 722, 459, 731 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 697, 556, 706 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 294, 672, 306, 681 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 415, 634, 427, 643 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 428, 634, 440, 643 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 440, 634, 452, 643 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 502, 609, 509, 618 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 509, 609, 516, 618 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 218, 597, 225, 606 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 225, 597, 237, 606 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 234, 546, 246, 556 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 276, 421, 288, 430 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 540, 421, 547, 430 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 371, 396, 383, 405 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 334, 383, 341, 392 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 341, 383, 353, 392 ActionDest: 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 354, 383, 366, 392 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 328, 358, 340, 367 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 265, 333, 277, 342 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 268, 270, 280, 279 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 245, 556, 254 ActionDest: 122 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 464, 170, 476, 179 ActionDest: 122 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 659, 211, 669 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 212, 659, 224, 669 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 419, 495, 560, 506 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 166, 484, 254, 494 Page: Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 399, 596, 437, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 443, 596, 479, 607 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 507, 573, 545, 584 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 550, 240, 561 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 246, 550, 282, 561 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 516, 97, 526 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 516, 139, 526 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 508, 492, 546, 503 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 273, 458, 311, 469 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 510, 423, 548, 434 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 212, 390, 249, 400 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 151, 343, 189, 354 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 369, 308, 407, 319 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 341, 274, 378, 285 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 333, 239, 371, 250 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 377, 239, 413, 250 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 216, 504, 227 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 510, 216, 546, 227 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 182, 186, 193 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 326, 159, 363, 170 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 370, 159, 406, 170 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 222, 124, 260, 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 266, 124, 302, 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 283, 90, 320, 101 Page: Sequence: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 163, 710, 201, 720 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 493, 686, 530, 697 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 664, 168, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 434, 606, 472, 617 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 606, 514, 617 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 226, 572, 264, 582 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 208, 548, 245, 559 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 251, 548, 287, 559 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 251, 514, 289, 525 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 125, 491, 240, 502 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 427, 410, 464, 423 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 399, 557, 410 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 376, 262, 387 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 342, 234, 352 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 441, 318, 478, 329 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 247, 285, 285, 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 291, 285, 327, 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 250, 142, 260 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 250, 184, 260 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 215, 557, 226 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 204, 95, 214 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 127, 169, 164, 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 171, 169, 207, 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 135, 141, 145 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 157, 100, 194, 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 100, 236, 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 337, 77, 375, 88 Page: Sequence: 12 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 710, 234, 720 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 149, 675, 186, 686 Checksum: b3b395f1 Type: CRC32 Checksum: c41be540257b4a310ac939c9dfa658e0 Type: MD5 Checksum: 72d295cacfaf649870a02a11646ab81977f509b8 Type: SHA-1