c03ac290e2049d3dfeec6eddddaf29a3 pmc_35009643.pdf 7a74464a5abf25365cbe1aacb0001ed668c0c321 pmc_35009643.pdf fa46f37031bec344909924a730af9cbce7f5d7b3f42df70d14305475c3937353 pmc_35009643.pdf Title: Evaluation of 5G Positioning Performance Based on UTDoA, AoA and Base-Station Selective Exclusion Subject: Accurate and reliable positioning solution is an important requirement for many applications, for instance, emergency services and vehicular-related use cases. Positioning using cellular signals has emerged as a promising solution in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) challenging environments, such as deep urban canyons. However, harsh working conditions of urban scenarios, such as with dense multipath and Non-Line of Sight (NLoS), remain as one of the key factors causing the detriment of the positioning estimation accuracy. This paper demonstrates that the use of joint Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDoA) and Angle of Arrival (AoA) gives a significant improvement in the position accuracy thanks to the use of antenna arrays. The new advances of this technology enable more accurate user locations by exploiting angular domains of propagation channel in combination with time measurements. Moreover, it is shown that a better localization is achieved by combining the joined UTDoA and AoA with a base-station selective exclusion method that is able to detect and eliminate measurements affected by NLoS. The proposed approach has been tested through simulations based on a deep urban deployment map, which comes with an experimental data file of the user's position. A sounding reference signal of 5G new radio operating in the centimeter-wave band is used. The obtained results add value to the use of advance antennas in 5G positioning. In addition, they contribute towards the fulfillment of high-accuracy positioning requirements in challenging environments when using cellular networks. Keywords: antenna arrays; positioning; 5G cellular networks; new radio; NLoS; integrity; cmWave; hybridization; time of arrival; angle of arrival Author: Alda Xhafa, José A. del Peral-Rosado, José A. López-Salcedo and Gonzalo Seco-Granados Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Dec 24 11:12:21 2021 CET ModDate: Fri Dec 24 11:25:09 2021 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 699028 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- NOAWTF+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 JOOZSL+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 HCFCME+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 RVSEMT+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 27 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 49 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 53 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 57 0 SOSTRQ+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 72 0 HQFFWH+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 76 0 SYFPBV+CMMI10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 80 0 LCQDCT+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 84 0 MSOACH+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 91 0 JEJQGV+MSBM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 95 0 DBCWHI+PazoMath-BoldItalic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 108 0 CZFQAL+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 115 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 125 0 ICBCUJ+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 152 0 SVNKKH+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 161 0 EMQSVH+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 164 0 SVNKKH+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 170 0 EMQSVH+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 173 0 PTHQQH+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 182 0 EMQSVH+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 185 0 PTHQQH+Helvetica-Bold Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 191 0 EMQSVH+Helvetica Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 194 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2022-03-22 02:23:36 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_35009643.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2022-01-17 03:36:23 CET Size: 699028 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 329 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Signal Model Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Children: Item: Title: LTE Positioning Signal Structure Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Children: Item: Title: Downlink Signal Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Uplink Signal Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Observable Calculation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Children: Item: Title: Observable Based on Time of Arrival Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Observable Based on Angle of Arrival Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Position Solution and Measurement Exclusion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Children: Item: Title: Location Solution Based on Time of Arrival Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Location Solution Based on Angle of Arrival Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: NLoS BS Exlusion Mechanism Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Children: Item: Title: Computation of Test Statistic Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: The Selection of Threshold Parameter Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: Simulation Results and Evaluation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Children: Item: Title: Scenario Definition Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: Performance Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Info: Title: Evaluation of 5G Positioning Performance Based on UTDoA, AoA and Base-Station Selective Exclusion Author: Alda Xhafa, José A. del Peral-Rosado, José A. López-Salcedo and Gonzalo Seco-Granados Subject: Accurate and reliable positioning solution is an important requirement for many applications, for instance, emergency services and vehicular-related use cases. Positioning using cellular signals has emerged as a promising solution in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) challenging environments, such as deep urban canyons. However, harsh working conditions of urban scenarios, such as with dense multipath and Non-Line of Sight (NLoS), remain as one of the key factors causing the detriment of the positioning estimation accuracy. This paper demonstrates that the use of joint Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDoA) and Angle of Arrival (AoA) gives a significant improvement in the position accuracy thanks to the use of antenna arrays. The new advances of this technology enable more accurate user locations by exploiting angular domains of propagation channel in combination with time measurements. Moreover, it is shown that a better localization is achieved by combining the joined UTDoA and AoA with a base-station selective exclusion method that is able to detect and eliminate measurements affected by NLoS. The proposed approach has been tested through simulations based on a deep urban deployment map, which comes with an experimental data file of the user's position. A sounding reference signal of 5G new radio operating in the centimeter-wave band is used. The obtained results add value to the use of advance antennas in 5G positioning. In addition, they contribute towards the fulfillment of high-accuracy positioning requirements in challenging environments when using cellular networks. 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