775acd48002cee94ad5a142431a80ae0 msf-08-00007-v2.pdf 0c0d351409aa155f269912e9a95da2060c7d5dbe msf-08-00007-v2.pdf f8f70a44f48ee8d2e89fb6b24382b59d69591b64d1edd83bcd265bd3b133720d msf-08-00007-v2.pdf Title: Intrinsic (Genotype) and Extrinsic (Environment) Factors in the Temporal Patterns of Nest-Building Process: Effect of Forced Isolation in Old Female Mice with Normal and AD- Pathological Aging "2279 Subject: The impact of isolation has become a critical worldwide issue since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In nursing homes, the physical distance measures forced the separation of old patients in restricted areas and rooms to avoid the spread of the virus. Similarly, older people living at home face severe restrictions as the best preventive strategy to protect their lives before vaccination is possible/effective. At the translational level, we recently demonstrated the impact of isolation in male 3Tg-AD mice for Alzheimer’s disease and the increase in gross and fine motor activity. The latter was monitored through nesting, a species-typical ethological behavior used as a naturalistic approach to measuring animals’ well-being and abilities in instrumental tasks. In the present work, we scored the nests and the nest-building process in old females under the effects of intrinsic (genotype, 3Tg-AD vs. C57BL/6J) and extrinsic (environment, forced isolation vs. social environment) factors. Nests were scored according to the ordinal Deacon Scale, whereas the temporal progress of nest construction was determined with a new parametric (numeric) measurement analog. The results confirmed previously described genotype differences, with worse nests in 3Tg-AD mice living under standard housing conditions than their non-transgenic counterparts, at 48 and 72 h. However, the genotype effect was lost under isolation, mainly due to isolated 3Tg-AD females enhancing nest-building behavior, while isolated non-transgenic counterparts were less efficient at 24 h. The results also indicate that temporal patterns of the nest-building process are important to be considered when measuring the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; aging; social isolation; COVID-19; executive functions; daily life activities; nesting Author: Ana Ruiz de Molina García and Lydia Giménez-Llort Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Mar 10 02:26:46 2023 CET ModDate: Fri Mar 10 02:52:50 2023 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 2 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 225573 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YSPQJI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 OXNQRR+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 BBVHJX+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 YTGSAA+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 AEFPQK+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 DVCMRV+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 32 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-02-20 02:15:30 CET RepresentationInformation: msf-08-00007-v2.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-02-19 10:17:51 CET Size: 225573 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 108 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: References Destination: Doc-Start Info: Title: Intrinsic (Genotype) and Extrinsic (Environment) Factors in the Temporal Patterns of Nest-Building Process: Effect of Forced Isolation in Old Female Mice with Normal and AD- Pathological Aging "2279 Author: Ana Ruiz de Molina García and Lydia Giménez-Llort Subject: The impact of isolation has become a critical worldwide issue since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In nursing homes, the physical distance measures forced the separation of old patients in restricted areas and rooms to avoid the spread of the virus. Similarly, older people living at home face severe restrictions as the best preventive strategy to protect their lives before vaccination is possible/effective. At the translational level, we recently demonstrated the impact of isolation in male 3Tg-AD mice for Alzheimer’s disease and the increase in gross and fine motor activity. The latter was monitored through nesting, a species-typical ethological behavior used as a naturalistic approach to measuring animals’ well-being and abilities in instrumental tasks. In the present work, we scored the nests and the nest-building process in old females under the effects of intrinsic (genotype, 3Tg-AD vs. C57BL/6J) and extrinsic (environment, forced isolation vs. social environment) factors. Nests were scored according to the ordinal Deacon Scale, whereas the temporal progress of nest construction was determined with a new parametric (numeric) measurement analog. The results confirmed previously described genotype differences, with worse nests in 3Tg-AD mice living under standard housing conditions than their non-transgenic counterparts, at 48 and 72 h. However, the genotype effect was lost under isolation, mainly due to isolated 3Tg-AD females enhancing nest-building behavior, while isolated non-transgenic counterparts were less efficient at 24 h. The results also indicate that temporal patterns of the nest-building process are important to be considered when measuring the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. 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