3ec75c477be19cbee330ce7774950b7d msf-08-00002.pdf eaa6ba4bc85fe55cff19bc602c2af197c402a76f msf-08-00002.pdf 623d38705f97675be08ac208b1f76b0fcdc0943f4acbb0609b79987d59b6464c msf-08-00002.pdf Title: Thigmotaxis Helps Differentiate Normal and Pathological Ageing Processes in a Mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease "2279 Subject: A decline in learning and remembering a spatial route often accompanies the normal ageing process. Impairments in spatial orientation manifest from the early stages of disabling cognitive diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In the preclinical field, detecting behavioural signs that help differentiate both entities improve understanding of the AD instauration process and promotes advances in novel treatments to ameliorate its impact. Here, the performance of 3xTg-AD mice of both sexes and their non-transgenic (NTg) (C57BL/6J) counterpart was evaluated at two time points (12 and 16-months of age) in the Morris water maze test, using a modified 5-day protocol for the assessment of cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms of dementia, followed by a multiple swim pattern identification within a single trial in the test. In the CUE stage, when a visible flag was available, the classical parameter of mean distance travelled until finding the platform showed that all animals learned the basic principles of the test more rapidly with a second experience (at 16 months of age). After switching the platform location in the Place task (PT) stage, mild variations in reference memory were detected along days at 12 months but not at 16 months of age. Later, in the removal (RMV) stage, where no platform was available, the 16-month-old 3xTg-AD male mice showed better results in short-term memory performance. However, when the swim pattern was visually analysed (qualitative analysis), persistence in Thigmotaxis episodes, a non-hippocampus-associated search strategy, was found in the pathological AD-like model but not in the NTg group, pointing out this pattern as a valuable differentiating trait. Finally, the multiple strategies approach seems valuable for differentiating both mice strains, despite a similar performance when quantitative parameters were analysed. Keywords: ageing; Morris water maze; Alzheimer’s disease; 3xTg-AD mice Author: Daniel Alveal-Mellado and Lydia Giménez-Llort Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Jun 9 03:20:29 2022 CEST ModDate: Thu Jun 9 03:23:13 2022 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 2 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 216090 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- BTFGED+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 LNTTSH+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 NRUCVO+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 MCIBTT+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 OKEWXG+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-02-20 02:15:22 CET RepresentationInformation: msf-08-00002.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-02-19 10:17:39 CET Size: 216090 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 101 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: References Destination: Doc-Start Info: Title: Thigmotaxis Helps Differentiate Normal and Pathological Ageing Processes in a Mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease "2279 Author: Daniel Alveal-Mellado and Lydia Giménez-Llort Subject: A decline in learning and remembering a spatial route often accompanies the normal ageing process. Impairments in spatial orientation manifest from the early stages of disabling cognitive diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In the preclinical field, detecting behavioural signs that help differentiate both entities improve understanding of the AD instauration process and promotes advances in novel treatments to ameliorate its impact. Here, the performance of 3xTg-AD mice of both sexes and their non-transgenic (NTg) (C57BL/6J) counterpart was evaluated at two time points (12 and 16-months of age) in the Morris water maze test, using a modified 5-day protocol for the assessment of cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms of dementia, followed by a multiple swim pattern identification within a single trial in the test. In the CUE stage, when a visible flag was available, the classical parameter of mean distance travelled until finding the platform showed that all animals learned the basic principles of the test more rapidly with a second experience (at 16 months of age). After switching the platform location in the Place task (PT) stage, mild variations in reference memory were detected along days at 12 months but not at 16 months of age. Later, in the removal (RMV) stage, where no platform was available, the 16-month-old 3xTg-AD male mice showed better results in short-term memory performance. However, when the swim pattern was visually analysed (qualitative analysis), persistence in Thigmotaxis episodes, a non-hippocampus-associated search strategy, was found in the pathological AD-like model but not in the NTg group, pointing out this pattern as a valuable differentiating trait. Finally, the multiple strategies approach seems valuable for differentiating both mice strains, despite a similar performance when quantitative parameters were analysed. Keywords: ageing; Morris water maze; Alzheimer’s disease; 3xTg-AD mice Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Jun 09 03:20:29 CEST 2022 ModDate: Thu Jun 09 03:23:13 CEST 2022 ID: 0x3e861f89c1a6bed83e7e317b4b2491e4, 0x3e861f89c1a6bed83e7e317b4b2491e4 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: NRUCVO+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 134 FontDescriptor: FontName: NRUCVO+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: MCIBTT+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 241 FontDescriptor: FontName: MCIBTT+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: BTFGED+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 178 LastChar: 178 FontDescriptor: FontName: BTFGED+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: OKEWXG+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 46 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: OKEWXG+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: LNTTSH+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 161 LastChar: 225 FontDescriptor: FontName: LNTTSH+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 311, 152, 320 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 301, 89, 308 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 164, 96, 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 90, 154, 99 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 78, 147, 87 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 756, 174, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 756, 560, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 658, 274, 671 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 173, 582, 316, 592 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 419, 224, 560, 235 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 212, 275, 223 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 326, 214, 332, 222 ActionDest: 69 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 335, 214, 341, 222 ActionDest: 69 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 128, 17, 281, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 423, 17, 560, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 396, 87, 415 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 613, 96, 623 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 589, 339, 600 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 345, 589, 382, 600 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 259, 566, 296, 577 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 566, 338, 577 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 544, 96, 554 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 509, 168, 519 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 175, 509, 211, 519 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 341, 485, 379, 496 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 385, 485, 421, 496 Checksum: ac50f1a2 Type: CRC32 Checksum: 3ec75c477be19cbee330ce7774950b7d Type: MD5 Checksum: eaa6ba4bc85fe55cff19bc602c2af197c402a76f Type: SHA-1 Checksum: 623d38705f97675be08ac208b1f76b0fcdc0943f4acbb0609b79987d59b6464c Type: SHA-256