02aca609e068d305e3a4a7902da3748e 2021_Righi_Antioxidants_Review_PFA_poultry_vivo.pdf 30d687c29f1dd661467f8e5641acf0235aff08c1 2021_Righi_Antioxidants_Review_PFA_poultry_vivo.pdf 09b577a4e4b2a7f1620e0e491c0d0ef1d1f04b0e797a9294ed19d0ce25590394 2021_Righi_Antioxidants_Review_PFA_poultry_vivo.pdf Title: Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Poultry Performances, Health, and Oxidative Status: A Review of the Literature in the Last 20 Years Subject: Plant feed additives (PFA) such as essential oils, extracts, and by-products from plant processing can be included in poultry diets. A total of 39 peer-reviewed articles were selected from the literature published in the last 20 years (2000–2020) comparing PFA antioxidant effects with synthetic antioxidant vitamins (mainly vitamin E) in poultry nutrition. The PFA can be used as an effective nutritional strategy to face poultry’s oxidative stress with positive impact also on their productivity and efficiency. They can partially or completely replace antioxidant synthetic vitamins (the latter administered at doses between 150 and 500 mg/kg) in animal diets, sometimes affecting important physiological functions or expressing synergistic effect with the synthetic antioxidants. It is crucial to take into consideration the issues related to the absorption and the metabolism of these additives and their interaction with gut microbiota. However, some form- and dose-dependent negative effects on growth performances are observed. Keywords: plant extract; essential oils; plant by-product; natural vitamins; synthetic vitamins; vitamin E; vitamin C; tocopheryl; tocopherols; antioxidants; poultry Author: Federico Righi, Rosario Pitino, Carmen L. Manuelian, Marica Simoni, Afro Quarantelli, Massimo De Marchi and Eleni Tsiplakou Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Apr 26 14:26:25 2021 CEST ModDate: Mon Apr 26 14:52:14 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 291177 bytes Optimized: yes PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- ZOBOZQ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 447 0 VXAANC+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 451 0 OTQHBW+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 454 0 DEFTBS+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 457 0 KUDXZB+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 461 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 473 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 476 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 479 0 QGUKZH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 355 0 QDCWHF+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 358 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-04-24 02:47:11 CEST RepresentationInformation: 2021_Righi_Antioxidants_Review_PFA_poultry_vivo.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-04-11 05:47:59 CEST Size: 291177 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf Profile: Linearized PDF PDFMetadata: Objects: 0 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Potential Plant Extracts and Plant By-Products as Alternative Sources of Vitamins for Poultry Feeding Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Effects on Feed Intake, Feed Efficiency, Growth Traits, and Nutrients Digestibility (Table S1 in Supplementary Materials) Destination: subsection.3.1 Children: Item: Title: Feed Intake Destination: subsubsection.3.1.1 Item: Title: Body Weight and Body Weight Gain Destination: subsubsection.3.1.2 Item: Title: Feed Gain Ratio or Feed Conversion Ratio Destination: subsubsection.3.1.3 Item: Title: Nutrients Digestibility Destination: subsubsection.3.1.4 Item: Title: Effects on Metabolic, Hematological Parameters, and Antioxidant Status (Table S2 in Supplementary Materials) Destination: subsection.3.2 Children: Item: Title: Serum Biochemical Parameters Destination: subsubsection.3.2.1 Item: Title: Serum Enzyme Activities Destination: subsubsection.3.2.2 Item: Title: Plasma Oxidative Status Destination: subsubsection.3.2.3 Item: Title: Effects on Macro- and Microscopic Anatomical Features and on Intestinal Microbiome Profile (Table S3 in Supplementary Materials) Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Final and General Remarks Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: VXAANC+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: VXAANC+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: QGUKZH+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 14 LastChar: 14 FontDescriptor: FontName: QGUKZH+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: OTQHBW+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: OTQHBW+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: QDCWHF+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 11 LastChar: 12 FontDescriptor: FontName: QDCWHF+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: DEFTBS+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 1 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: DEFTBS+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: ZOBOZQ+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 160 LastChar: 227 FontDescriptor: FontName: ZOBOZQ+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true XMP: application/pdf Federico Righi, Rosario Pitino, Carmen L. Manuelian, Marica Simoni, Afro Quarantelli, Massimo De Marchi and Eleni Tsiplakou Plant feed additives (PFA) such as essential oils, extracts, and by-products from plant processing can be included in poultry diets. A total of 39 peer-reviewed articles were selected from the literature published in the last 20 years (2000–2020) comparing PFA antioxidant effects with synthetic antioxidant vitamins (mainly vitamin E) in poultry nutrition. The PFA can be used as an effective nutritional strategy to face poultry’s oxidative stress with positive impact also on their productivity and efficiency. They can partially or completely replace antioxidant synthetic vitamins (the latter administered at doses between 150 and 500 mg/kg) in animal diets, sometimes affecting important physiological functions or expressing synergistic effect with the synthetic antioxidants. It is crucial to take into consideration the issues related to the absorption and the metabolism of these additives and their interaction with gut microbiota. However, some form- and dose-dependent negative effects on growth performances are observed. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Poultry Performances, Health, and Oxidative Status: A Review of the Literature in the Last 20 Years 2021-04-26T20:26:25+08:00 LaTeX with hyperref 2021-04-26T14:52:14+02:00 2021-04-26T14:52:14+02:00 plant extract; essential oils; plant by-product; natural vitamins; synthetic vitamins; vitamin E; vitamin C; tocopheryl; tocopherols; antioxidants; poultry pdfTeX-1.40.21 uuid:464c0dc9-f392-4ce9-b8f4-041b4593ee2b uuid:4052fea0-e9a9-460d-8e0d-83273c6e13e4 Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 759, 175, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 759, 560, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 192, 624, 203, 638 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 312, 624, 323, 638 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 400, 624, 411, 638 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 241, 611, 252, 625 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 118, 346, 154, 355 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 334, 137, 343 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