6af69b813b122fc9f48c31f2f6fdda75 pmc_33445689.pdf 524f24fbf85406b67e7584ec69bee73d8f9945a2 pmc_33445689.pdf 4f5b97ddab7a01979130fb276d35312b7ad4af9d88a9d77d8f1d819c26d03609 pmc_33445689.pdf Title: Factors Associated with the Introduction of Mycobacterium avium spp. Paratuberculosis (MAP) into Dairy Herds in Galicia (North-West Spain): The Perception of Experts Subject: This study aimed at quantifying expert opinions on the risk factors involved inMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in dairy cattle herds. For this purpose, potential risk factors associated with the introduction of MAP into dairies were chosen based on a literature review and discussions with researchers and veterinarians. For each factor, a decision tree was developed, and key questions were included in each. Answers to these key questions led to different events within each decision tree. An expert opinion workshop was organized (following the recommendations of the OIE), and ordinal values ranging from 0 to 9 (i.e., a null to very high likelihood of infection) were assigned to each event. The potential risk factors were also incorporated into a structured questionnaire that was responded to by 93 farms where the sanitary status against MAP was known. Thereby, based on the values given by the experts and the information collected in the questionnaires, each farm was assigned a score based on their MAP entry risk. From these scores (contrast variable) and using a ROC curve, the cut-off that best discriminated MAP-positive and -negative farms was estimated. The most important risk factors for the introduction of MAP, according to expert opinions, involved purchase and grazing practices related to animals under six months of age. The scores obtained for each farm, also based on the expert opinions, allowed MAP positive/MAP negative farms to be discriminated with 68.8% sensitivity and 68.7% specificity. These data should be useful for focusing future training initiatives and improving risk-reduction strategies in the dairy industry. Keywords: dairy cattle; expert opinion; Johne’s disease; risk analysis; Spain Author: Francisco Javier Villaamil, Eduardo Yus, Bibiana Benavides, Alberto Allepuz, Sebatián Jesús Moya, Jordi Casal, Carmelo Ortega and Francisco Javier Diéguez Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Jan 15 05:12:00 2021 CET ModDate: Fri Jan 15 05:17:12 2021 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 19 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 7584423 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- ASOMOL+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 DDTDKB+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 FYSDJH+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 VQSONV+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 YUQEMP+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 27 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 IKKWKP+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 84 0 AYELWU+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 161 0 BOLMEN+SFRM0900 Type 1 Custom yes yes no 168 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2021-09-11 03:53:26 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_33445689.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2021-02-08 03:37:36 CET Size: 7584423 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 309 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Material and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Children: Item: Title: Area Description Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Herds Surveyed and Data Collection Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Expert Group Workshop Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Info: Title: Factors Associated with the Introduction of Mycobacterium avium spp. Paratuberculosis (MAP) into Dairy Herds in Galicia (North-West Spain): The Perception of Experts Author: Francisco Javier Villaamil, Eduardo Yus, Bibiana Benavides, Alberto Allepuz, Sebatián Jesús Moya, Jordi Casal, Carmelo Ortega and Francisco Javier Diéguez Subject: This study aimed at quantifying expert opinions on the risk factors involved inMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in dairy cattle herds. For this purpose, potential risk factors associated with the introduction of MAP into dairies were chosen based on a literature review and discussions with researchers and veterinarians. For each factor, a decision tree was developed, and key questions were included in each. Answers to these key questions led to different events within each decision tree. An expert opinion workshop was organized (following the recommendations of the OIE), and ordinal values ranging from 0 to 9 (i.e., a null to very high likelihood of infection) were assigned to each event. The potential risk factors were also incorporated into a structured questionnaire that was responded to by 93 farms where the sanitary status against MAP was known. Thereby, based on the values given by the experts and the information collected in the questionnaires, each farm was assigned a score based on their MAP entry risk. From these scores (contrast variable) and using a ROC curve, the cut-off that best discriminated MAP-positive and -negative farms was estimated. The most important risk factors for the introduction of MAP, according to expert opinions, involved purchase and grazing practices related to animals under six months of age. The scores obtained for each farm, also based on the expert opinions, allowed MAP positive/MAP negative farms to be discriminated with 68.8% sensitivity and 68.7% specificity. These data should be useful for focusing future training initiatives and improving risk-reduction strategies in the dairy industry. Keywords: dairy cattle; expert opinion; Johne’s disease; risk analysis; Spain Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Jan 15 05:12:00 CET 2021 ModDate: Fri Jan 15 05:17:12 CET 2021 ID: 0xfb9d8fd69ad3aa26fca60b856ac4f302, 0xfb9d8fd69ad3aa26fca60b856ac4f302 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: AYELWU+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 161 LastChar: 230 FontDescriptor: FontName: AYELWU+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: FYSDJH+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 77 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: FYSDJH+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -300, 1073, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: IKKWKP+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 20 LastChar: 21 FontDescriptor: FontName: IKKWKP+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: VQSONV+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 241 FontDescriptor: FontName: VQSONV+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: BOLMEN+SFRM0900 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 180 LastChar: 180 FontDescriptor: FontName: BOLMEN+SFRM0900 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -196, -322, 1502, 937 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: ASOMOL+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 46 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: ASOMOL+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: YUQEMP+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 161 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: YUQEMP+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: DDTDKB+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: DDTDKB+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 759, 165, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 759, 560, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 641, 335, 654 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 641, 437, 654 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 545, 641, 556, 654 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 98, 628, 109, 642 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 339, 628, 350, 642 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 106, 313, 154, 322 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 301, 127, 310 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 36, 162, 98, 184 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 123, 89, 154, 98 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 77, 154, 86 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 66, 49, 74 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 112, 17, 247, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 407, 17, 558, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 425, 87, 444 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 503, 544, 510, 553 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 228, 519, 235, 528 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 255, 494, 262, 503 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 262, 494, 269, 503 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 215, 481, 222, 491 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 319, 481, 325, 491 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 482, 505, 491 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 414, 469, 421, 478 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 421, 469, 428, 478 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 326, 431, 333, 440 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 407, 343, 419, 353 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 422, 344, 434, 353 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 370, 281, 382, 290 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 204, 118, 215, 127 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 335, 80, 347, 89 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 502, 67, 514, 76 ActionDest: 165 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 360, 533, 372, 542 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 346, 394, 358, 403 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 394, 370, 403 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 371, 394, 383, 403 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 335, 344, 347, 353 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 103, 270, 115 ActionDest: 81 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 329, 90, 343, 102 ActionDest: 106 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 394, 90, 404, 102 ActionDest: 106 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 553, 90, 560, 102 ActionDest: 81 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 417, 319, 429, 328 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 546, 241, 560, 250 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 238, 226, 246, 238 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 409, 178, 421, 187 ActionDest: 165 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 323, 654, 330, 666 ActionDest: 81 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 383, 402, 390, 414 ActionDest: 94 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 220, 303, 227, 314 ActionDest: 94 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 373, 227, 380, 239 ActionDest: 97 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 410, 202, 417, 214 ActionDest: 97 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 262, 164, 269, 176 ActionDest: 97 Page: Sequence: 6 Page: Sequence: 7 Page: Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 277, 644, 289, 653 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 195, 581, 207, 590 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 208, 581, 220, 590 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 385, 431, 397, 440 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 398, 431, 410, 440 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 410, 430, 422, 440 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 423, 430, 435, 440 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 418, 556, 427 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 383, 405, 395, 414 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 446, 368, 458, 377 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 499, 355, 511, 364 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 317, 556, 327 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 222, 293, 234, 301 ActionDest: 158 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 235, 293, 247, 301 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 247, 292, 259, 301 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 260, 292, 272, 301 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 321, 255, 333, 264 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 319, 230, 331, 239 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 305, 192, 317, 201 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 288, 154, 300, 163 ActionDest: 165 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 508, 722, 520, 731 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 236, 647, 248, 656 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 622, 459, 631 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 251, 484, 263, 493 ActionDest: 165 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 362, 471, 374, 480 ActionDest: 165 Page: Sequence: 10 Page: Sequence: 11 Page: Sequence: 12 Page: Sequence: 13 Page: Sequence: 14 Page: Sequence: 15 Page: Sequence: 16 Page: Sequence: 17 Page: Sequence: 18 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 175, 355, 212, 366 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 415, 332, 453, 343 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 459, 332, 495, 343 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 149, 310, 186, 320 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 193, 310, 229, 320 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 402, 286, 440, 297 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 446, 286, 482, 297 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 296, 252, 334, 263 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 252, 376, 263 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 218, 97, 228 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 160, 142, 171 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 160, 184, 171 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 215, 137, 252, 148 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 497, 114, 535, 125 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 80, 202, 90 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 208, 80, 244, 90 Page: Sequence: 19 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 294, 709, 331, 720 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 337, 709, 373, 720 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 698, 557, 709 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 687, 95, 697 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 432, 676, 469, 686 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 476, 676, 512, 686 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 653, 142, 663 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 629, 560, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 617, 204, 628 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 361, 584, 398, 594 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 549, 97, 559 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 514, 354, 525 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 490, 468, 528, 479 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 316, 388, 353, 398 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 360, 388, 396, 398 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 278, 353, 314, 364 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 305, 341, 560, 352 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 330, 124, 341 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 296, 97, 306 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 103, 296, 139, 306 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 321, 284, 560, 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 273, 202, 283 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 259, 249, 296, 260 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 249, 339, 260 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 181, 132, 191 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 146, 142, 157 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 77, 557, 88 Checksum: 98969eba Type: CRC32 Checksum: 6af69b813b122fc9f48c31f2f6fdda75 Type: MD5 Checksum: 524f24fbf85406b67e7584ec69bee73d8f9945a2 Type: SHA-1