d320e31929b2ecc4ed393968dd2bcad0 pmc_33525579.pdf d6c0d59b5f36804ba0103fb20f966ce5e6aa86fd pmc_33525579.pdf 867fd3b663234bf93b6469f95a8a29a065d6bd072f19893a6d9240dc77f5f4ab pmc_33525579.pdf Title: Acute Pharmacological Effects of Oral and Intranasal Mephedrone: An Observational Study in Humans Subject: Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) is a synthetic cathinone with psychostimulant properties which remains one of the most popular new psychoactive substances (NPS). It is frequently used orally and/or intranasally. To date, no studies have evaluated the acute effects and pharmacokinetics after self-administration of mephedrone orally (ingestion) and intranasally (insufflation) in naturalistic conditions. An observational study was conducted to assess and compare the acute pharmacological effects, as well as the oral fluid (saliva) concentrations of mephedrone self-administered orally and intranasally. Ten healthy experienced drug users (4 females and 6 males) self-administered a single dose of mephedrone, orally (n = 5, 100–200 mg; mean 150 mg) or intranasally (n = 5, 50–100 mg, mean 70 mg). Vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and cutaneous temperature) were measured at baseline (0), 1, 2, and 4 h after self-administration. Each participant completed subjective effects questionnaires: A set of Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), the 49-item Addiction Research Centre Inventory (ARCI), and Evaluation of the Subjective Effects of Substances with Abuse Potential (VESSPA-SSE) at baseline, 1, 2, and 4 h after self-administration. Oral fluid and urine were collected during 4 h. Both routes of mephedrone self-administration enhanced ratings of euphoria and well-being effects and increased cardiovascular effects in humans. Although it was at times assessed that the oral route produced greater and larger effects than the intranasal one, concentrations of mephedrone in oral fluid and also the total amount of mephedrone and metabolites in urine showed that concentrations of mephedrone are considerably higher when self-administered intranasally in comparison to orally. Controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm our observational results. Keywords: mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone); novel psychoactive substances (NPS); psychostimulants; cathinones bath salts; oral administration; intranasal administration Author: Esther Papaseit, Eulalia Olesti, Clara Pérez-Mañá, Marta Torrens, Francina Fonseca, Marc Grifell, Mireia Ventura, Rafael de la Torre and Magí Farré Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Jan 29 07:44:44 2021 CET ModDate: Fri Jan 29 07:50:59 2021 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1037489 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- IOJCNK+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 ECZYUE+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 AHAHDR+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 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no 229 0 MNCBLC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 232 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:32:50 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_33525579.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:08:44 CEST Size: 1037489 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 458 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Physiological Effects Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Subjective Effects Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Oral Fluid Concentrations of Mephedrone Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Urinary Concentrations of Mephedrone and Metabolites Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Participants Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Design and Treatments Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Procedures Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Physiological Effects Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Subjective Effects Destination: subsection.4.5 Item: Title: Urinary Concentrations of Mephedrone and Metabolites Destination: subsection.4.6 Item: Title: Oral Fluid Concentrations of Mephedrone Destination: subsection.4.7 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.4.8 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Acute Pharmacological Effects of Oral and Intranasal Mephedrone: An Observational Study in Humans Author: Esther Papaseit, Eulalia Olesti, Clara Pérez-Mañá, Marta Torrens, Francina Fonseca, Marc Grifell, Mireia Ventura, Rafael de la Torre and Magí Farré Subject: Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) is a synthetic cathinone with psychostimulant properties which remains one of the most popular new psychoactive substances (NPS). It is frequently used orally and/or intranasally. To date, no studies have evaluated the acute effects and pharmacokinetics after self-administration of mephedrone orally (ingestion) and intranasally (insufflation) in naturalistic conditions. An observational study was conducted to assess and compare the acute pharmacological effects, as well as the oral fluid (saliva) concentrations of mephedrone self-administered orally and intranasally. Ten healthy experienced drug users (4 females and 6 males) self-administered a single dose of mephedrone, orally (n = 5, 100 200 mg; mean 150 mg) or intranasally (n = 5, 50 100 mg, mean 70 mg). Vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and cutaneous temperature) were measured at baseline (0), 1, 2, and 4 h after self-administration. Each participant completed subjective effects questionnaires: A set of Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), the 49-item Addiction Research Centre Inventory (ARCI), and Evaluation of the Subjective Effects of Substances with Abuse Potential (VESSPA-SSE) at baseline, 1, 2, and 4 h after self-administration. Oral fluid and urine were collected during 4 h. Both routes of mephedrone self-administration enhanced ratings of euphoria and well-being effects and increased cardiovascular effects in humans. Although it was at times assessed that the oral route produced greater and larger effects than the intranasal one, concentrations of mephedrone in oral fluid and also the total amount of mephedrone and metabolites in urine showed that concentrations of mephedrone are considerably higher when self-administered intranasally in comparison to orally. Controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm our observational results. 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