307d2bdaf36e970305eb2f325fd3bf77  pmc_33572209.pdf
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feb3aada20d1c344e477ee0a9cbdd52548e359e47bc2ea694a626cc556f7cdcb  pmc_33572209.pdf

Title:           Porcine Circovirus 3 Detection in Aborted Fetuses and Stillborn Piglets from Swine Reproductive Failure Cases
Subject:         Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has been widely detected in healthy and diseased pigs; among different pathologic conditions, the strongest evidence of association comes from reproductive disease cases. However, simple viral detection does not imply the causality of the clinical conditions. Detection of PCV-3 within lesions may provide stronger evidence of causality. Thus, this study aimed to assess the frequency of PCV-3 detection in tissues from fetuses/stillborn piglets in cases of reproductive problems in domestic swine, as well as the histopathologic assessment of fetal tissues. Fetuses or stillborn piglets from 53 cases of reproductive failure were collected and analyzed by PCV-3 qPCR. The presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), and porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) was also checked. PCV-3 qPCR positive samples with a high viral load were tested by PCV-3 in situ hybridization (ISH), sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed. PCV-3 DNA was detected in 18/53 (33.9%) reproductive failure cases and in 16 of them PCV-3 was the only pathogen found. PCV-2 DNA was found in 5/53 (9.4%), PRRSV RNA in 4/53 (7.5%) and PPV1 was not detected. Four out of the six PCV-3 qPCR-positive cases with Ct value <30 were positive when tested by ISH. In these samples, PCV-3 was detected within mild histopathologic lesions, such as arteritis and periarteritis in multiple tissues. The present work emphasizes the need to include PCV-3 as a potential causative agent of reproductive failure in swine.
Keywords:        porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3); reproductive failure; aborted fetuses; stillborn; quantitative PCR; in situ hybridization; histopathology
Author:          Viviane Saporiti, Laura Valls, Jaime Maldonado, Mónica Perez, Florencia Correa-Fiz, Joaquim Segalés and Marina Sibila
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      Title: Introduction 
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     Item: 
      Title: Materials and Methods 
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       Item: 
        Title: Sample Selection 
        Destination: subsection.2.1
       Item: 
        Title: DNA Extraction, PCV-2, and PCV-3 qPCR 
        Destination: subsection.2.2
       Item: 
        Title: PRRSV and PPV1 Detection 
        Destination: subsection.2.3
       Item: 
        Title: Histopathology, PCV-2 Immunohistochemistry, and PCV-3 In Situ Hybridization 
        Destination: subsection.2.4
       Item: 
        Title: PCV-3 and PCV-2 Sequencing and PCV-3 Phylogenetic Analysis 
        Destination: subsection.2.5
     Item: 
      Title: Results 
      Destination: section.3
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Virus Detection 
        Destination: subsection.3.1
       Item: 
        Title: Histologic Evaluation, PCV-2 IHC, and PCV-3 ISH 
        Destination: subsection.3.2
       Item: 
        Title: Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis 
        Destination: subsection.3.3
     Item: 
      Title: Discussion 
      Destination: section.4
     Item: 
      Title: References
      Destination: section.4
   Info: 
    Title: Porcine Circovirus 3 Detection in Aborted Fetuses and Stillborn Piglets from Swine Reproductive Failure Cases
    Author: Viviane Saporiti, Laura Valls, Jaime Maldonado, Mónica Perez, Florencia Correa-Fiz, Joaquim Segalés and Marina Sibila
    Subject: Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has been widely detected in healthy and diseased pigs; among different pathologic conditions, the strongest evidence of association comes from reproductive disease cases. However, simple viral detection does not imply the causality of the clinical conditions. Detection of PCV-3 within lesions may provide stronger evidence of causality. Thus, this study aimed to assess the frequency of PCV-3 detection in tissues from fetuses/stillborn piglets in cases of reproductive problems in domestic swine, as well as the histopathologic assessment of fetal tissues. Fetuses or stillborn piglets from 53 cases of reproductive failure were collected and analyzed by PCV-3 qPCR. The presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), and porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) was also checked. PCV-3 qPCR positive samples with a high viral load were tested by PCV-3 in situ hybridization (ISH), sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed. PCV-3 DNA was detected in 18/53 (33.9%) reproductive failure cases and in 16 of them PCV-3 was the only pathogen found. PCV-2 DNA was found in 5/53 (9.4%), PRRSV RNA in 4/53 (7.5%) and PPV1 was not detected. Four out of the six PCV-3 qPCR-positive cases with Ct value <30 were positive when tested by ISH. In these samples, PCV-3 was detected within mild histopathologic lesions, such as arteritis and periarteritis in multiple tissues. The present work emphasizes the need to include PCV-3 as a potential causative agent of reproductive failure in swine.
    Keywords: porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3); reproductive failure; aborted fetuses; stillborn; quantitative PCR; in situ hybridization; histopathology
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  Checksum: b1aff7be
   Type: CRC32
  Checksum: 307d2bdaf36e970305eb2f325fd3bf77
   Type: MD5
  Checksum: 88f732e09c049e2f96a36d86493484f45451edf1
   Type: SHA-1
  Checksum: feb3aada20d1c344e477ee0a9cbdd52548e359e47bc2ea694a626cc556f7cdcb
   Type: SHA-256