c1af23808e393094729702b53f365359 pmc_33803873.pdf 9f6463f59542c240af16ec1e872f7eacaeac4fca pmc_33803873.pdf abbc5b0873d100f7405c747b4b7ed76378cd4d31521128177f1f7f91e39ca6f8 pmc_33803873.pdf Title: Full Optimization of an Electroless Nickel Solution: Boosting the Performance of Low-Phosphorous Coatings Subject: Univariate and multivariate optimizations of a novel electroless nickel formulation have been carried out by means of the Taguchi method. From the compositional point of view, adjustment of the complexing agent concentration in solution is crucial for fine-tuning free Ni2+ ions concentration and, in turn, the mechanical properties of the resulting coatings. The Ni (II) concentration and the pH are the main parameters which help restrict the incorporation of phosphorous into the Ni layers. On the other hand, the stirring rate, the pH and the reducing agent concentration are the most influential parameters for the corrosion resistance of the coatings. Multivariate optimization of the electrolyte leads to a set of optimized parameters in which the mechanical properties (hardness and worn volume) of the layers are similar to the optimal values achieved in the univariate optimization, but the corrosion rate is decreased by one order of magnitude. Keywords: electroless nickel; Taguchi; optimization; hardness; wear; corrosion Author: Asier Salicio-Paz, Ixone Ugarte, Jordi Sort, Eva Pellicer and Eva García-Lecina Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sat Mar 20 15:38:48 2021 CET ModDate: Sat Mar 20 15:57:04 2021 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 4663498 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PSUYZB+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 GJZWPW+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 YYELTB+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 YMDGIC+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 YOTXCC+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi 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IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Electroless Nickel Bath and Operating Conditions Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Substrate Conditioning Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Selected Orthogonal Array Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Characterization of the Coatings Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Univariate Optimization Destination: subsection.3.1 Children: Item: Title: Composition and Crystallographic Structure Destination: subsubsection.3.1.1 Item: Title: Thickness and Surface Morphology Destination: subsubsection.3.1.2 Item: Title: Hardness Destination: subsubsection.3.1.3 Item: Title: Wear Resistance Destination: subsubsection.3.1.4 Item: Title: Corrosion Resistance Destination: subsubsection.3.1.5 Item: Title: Multivariate Optimization Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: section.4 Info: Title: Full Optimization of an Electroless Nickel Solution: Boosting the Performance of Low-Phosphorous Coatings Author: Asier Salicio-Paz, Ixone Ugarte, Jordi Sort, Eva Pellicer and Eva García-Lecina Subject: Univariate and multivariate optimizations of a novel electroless nickel formulation have been carried out by means of the Taguchi method. From the compositional point of view, adjustment of the complexing agent concentration in solution is crucial for fine-tuning free Ni2+ ions concentration and, in turn, the mechanical properties of the resulting coatings. The Ni (II) concentration and the pH are the main parameters which help restrict the incorporation of phosphorous into the Ni layers. On the other hand, the stirring rate, the pH and the reducing agent concentration are the most influential parameters for the corrosion resistance of the coatings. Multivariate optimization of the electrolyte leads to a set of optimized parameters in which the mechanical properties (hardness and worn volume) of the layers are similar to the optimal values achieved in the univariate optimization, but the corrosion rate is decreased by one order of magnitude. 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