04321684f6cf68441ed3773194d062e1 pmc_33805804.pdf a520916c3964fcb387cbef26e1af5dc81bb1e667 pmc_33805804.pdf 872bb6406718bdf41ae72d3609a4e65b84aaee74281bc0da22eaab68e31c56a9 pmc_33805804.pdf Title: Clinical and Histopathological Features of Renal Maldevelopment in Boxer Dogs: A Retrospective Case Series (1999–2018) "2279 Subject: Renal maldevelopment (RM) has been proposed to replace the old and sometimes misused term “renal dysplasia” in dogs. Although renal dysplasia has been described in Boxers, hereditary transmission has only been hypothesized. This study reports clinical and renal histological findings in Boxer dogs with RM, proposing a possible mode of inheritance. Medical records of 9 female Boxer dogs, older than 5 months and with a clinical diagnosis of chronic kidney disease prior to one year of age, were retrospectively reviewed. Polyuria and polydipsia (PU/PD), decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy and weakness were described in all affected dogs. Common laboratory findings were proteinuria, diluted urine, non-regenerative anemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Histopathology of the kidneys revealed the presence of immature glomeruli in all dogs, which is consistent with RM. In 7 related dogs, the pedigree analysis showed that a simple autosomal recessive trait may be a possible mode of inheritance. Renal maldevelopment should be suspected in young Boxer dogs with a history of PU/PD, decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy, weakness and proteinuria. Due to its possible inheritance, an early diagnosis of RM may allow clinicians to promptly identify other potentially affected dogs among the relatives of the diagnosed case. Keywords: kidney; renal maldevelopment; immature glomeruli; proteinuria; inheritance; canine; Boxer Author: Maria Alfonsa Cavalera, Floriana Gernone, Annamaria Uva, Paola D’Ippolito, Xavier Roura and Andrea Zatelli Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sat Mar 13 12:48:38 2021 CET ModDate: Sat Mar 13 12:51:39 2021 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 8 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1802433 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PNJMNO+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 RPGBQZ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 EWMHOP+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 JUDZYI+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 32 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 49 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 53 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 57 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 75 0 DVCMRV+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 79 0 KMMEFA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 86 0 KMMEFC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 89 0 KMMEID+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 92 0 KMMEFA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 103 0 KMMEFC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 106 0 KMMEID+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 109 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:24:43 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_33805804.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:09:31 CEST Size: 1802433 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 240 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Anamnesis and Clinical Findings Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Laboratory Analyses Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Ultrasonographic Findings and Biopsy Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Histopathology Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Therapy and Survival Time Destination: subsection.3.5 Item: Title: Pedigree Analysis Destination: subsection.3.6 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Clinical and Histopathological Features of Renal Maldevelopment in Boxer Dogs: A Retrospective Case Series (1999 2018) "2279 Author: Maria Alfonsa Cavalera, Floriana Gernone, Annamaria Uva, Paola D’Ippolito, Xavier Roura and Andrea Zatelli Subject: Renal maldevelopment (RM) has been proposed to replace the old and sometimes misused term “renal dysplasia” in dogs. Although renal dysplasia has been described in Boxers, hereditary transmission has only been hypothesized. This study reports clinical and renal histological findings in Boxer dogs with RM, proposing a possible mode of inheritance. Medical records of 9 female Boxer dogs, older than 5 months and with a clinical diagnosis of chronic kidney disease prior to one year of age, were retrospectively reviewed. Polyuria and polydipsia (PU/PD), decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy and weakness were described in all affected dogs. Common laboratory findings were proteinuria, diluted urine, non-regenerative anemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Histopathology of the kidneys revealed the presence of immature glomeruli in all dogs, which is consistent with RM. In 7 related dogs, the pedigree analysis showed that a simple autosomal recessive trait may be a possible mode of inheritance. Renal maldevelopment should be suspected in young Boxer dogs with a history of PU/PD, decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy, weakness and proteinuria. Due to its possible inheritance, an early diagnosis of RM may allow clinicians to promptly identify other potentially affected dogs among the relatives of the diagnosed case. Keywords: kidney; renal maldevelopment; immature glomeruli; proteinuria; inheritance; canine; Boxer Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sat Mar 13 12:48:38 CET 2021 ModDate: Sat Mar 13 12:51:39 CET 2021 ID: 0xd61e2c2172ca63d8cdecbd55b8b1ed5c, 0xd61e2c2172ca63d8cdecbd55b8b1ed5c Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: EWMHOP+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 150 FontDescriptor: FontName: EWMHOP+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: JUDZYI+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 248 FontDescriptor: FontName: JUDZYI+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: PNJMNO+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 189 LastChar: 225 FontDescriptor: FontName: PNJMNO+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: OVNEXW+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 22 LastChar: 22 FontDescriptor: FontName: OVNEXW+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: RPGBQZ+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 46 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: RPGBQZ+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: DVCMRV+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 2 FontDescriptor: FontName: DVCMRV+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 759, 165, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 759, 560, 795 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 106, 358, 154, 367 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 346, 127, 355 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 162, 97, 184 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 153, 89, 154, 98 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 77, 147, 86 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 112, 17, 247, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 407, 17, 558, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 35, 446, 87, 465 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 548, 721, 555, 730 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 234, 696, 241, 705 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 244, 696, 251, 705 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 232, 671, 239, 680 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 242, 671, 249, 680 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 441, 658, 448, 667 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 449, 658, 456, 667 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 621, 347, 630 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 409, 608, 416, 617 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 481, 570, 488, 579 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 250, 545, 257, 554 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 267, 445, 274, 454 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 243, 407, 250, 416 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 251, 407, 258, 416 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 382, 207, 391 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 283, 382, 290, 391 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 293, 382, 305, 391 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 357, 382, 369, 391 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 369, 382, 381, 391 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 431, 382, 443, 391 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 186, 369, 198, 379 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 370, 211, 379 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 369, 275, 379 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 392, 369, 404, 379 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 531, 369, 543, 379 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 370, 556, 379 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 345, 275, 353 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 275, 344, 287, 353 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 371, 345, 383, 353 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 344, 478, 353 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 356, 319, 368, 328 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 371, 319, 383, 328 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 214, 118, 226, 127 ActionDest: 120 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 294, 480, 301, 492 ActionDest: 69 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 517, 471, 529, 480 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 330, 455, 337, 467 ActionDest: 69 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 195, 184, 202, 193 ActionDest: 69 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 504, 159, 516, 168 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 159, 556, 168 ActionDest: 69 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 491, 606, 498, 618 ActionDest: 72 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 514, 629, 521, 641 ActionDest: 69 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 566, 556, 578 ActionDest: 97 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 404, 528, 411, 540 ActionDest: 97 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 240, 120, 252, 129 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 467, 58, 479, 67 ActionDest: 120 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 197, 722, 209, 731 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 332, 722, 344, 731 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 444, 672, 451, 681 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 275, 634, 282, 643 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 449, 584, 461, 593 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 572, 336, 581 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 521, 465, 530 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 393, 433, 405, 443 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 396, 208, 405 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 499, 346, 506, 355 ActionDest: 117 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 255, 333, 262, 342 ActionDest: 117 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 203, 697, 215, 706 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 216, 697, 228, 706 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 476, 97, 487 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 460, 464, 498, 475 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 282, 441, 560, 452 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 430, 126, 441 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 372, 271, 383 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 505, 280, 543, 291 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 444, 245, 480, 256 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 368, 222, 406, 233 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 452, 211, 488, 222 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 391, 199, 429, 210 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 369, 176, 406, 187 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 205, 154, 242, 164 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 97, 97, 107 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 62, 133, 72 Page: Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 201, 721, 239, 732 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 245, 721, 281, 732 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 269, 698, 307, 709 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 183, 676, 219, 686 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 241, 652, 279, 663 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 327, 629, 365, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 226, 607, 263, 617 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 269, 607, 305, 617 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 594, 557, 605 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 584, 95, 594 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 351, 560, 388, 571 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 394, 560, 430, 571 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 156, 538, 193, 548 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 514, 557, 525 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 236, 491, 274, 502 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 436, 479, 560, 490 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 468, 155, 479 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 509, 445, 546, 456 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 159, 423, 197, 433 Checksum: 643cf092 Type: CRC32 Checksum: 04321684f6cf68441ed3773194d062e1 Type: MD5 Checksum: a520916c3964fcb387cbef26e1af5dc81bb1e667 Type: SHA-1 Checksum: 872bb6406718bdf41ae72d3609a4e65b84aaee74281bc0da22eaab68e31c56a9 Type: SHA-256