cec726bcbdb55434e58bf9bdb5b855af pmc_33808476.pdf be2c2dd4530d8df72df841a8965a7c49b1c30fd7 pmc_33808476.pdf f23c77ef3173b05e7685d8d95b04c453328634f637a78d51971ed60b46180466 pmc_33808476.pdf Title: Adherence to a Supplemented Mediterranean Diet Drives Changes in the Gut Microbiota of HIV-1-Infected Individuals Subject: Objective: The health effects of a supplemented Mediterranean diet (SMD) with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts are well documented in non-HIV-infected individuals. We hypothesised that the benefits of an SMD could be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota, even in those with an altered intestinal microbiota such as people living with HIV. Design: Individuals living with HIV (n = 102) were randomised to receive an SMD with 50 g/day of EVOO and 30 g/day of walnuts (SMD group) or continue with their regular diet (control group) for 12 weeks. Methods: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the validated 14-item MD-Adherence-Screener (MEDAS) from the PREDIMED study. A sub-study classifying the participants according to their MEDAS scores was performed. Results: The lipid profile was improved in the SMD group vs. that in the control group (delta-total cholesterol and delta-B-lipoprotein). The immune activation (CD4+HLADR+CD38+ and CD8+HLADR+CD38+ cells) and IFN–producing T-cells significantly decreased at week 12 compared to the baseline in the SMD group but not in the control group. The gut microbiota in those from the high-adherence group presented significantly high diversity and richness at the end of the intervention. Succinivibrio and Bifidobacterium abundances were influenced by the adherence to the MD and significantly correlated with Treg cells. Conclusion: The Mediterranean diet improved metabolic parameters, immune activation, Treg function, and the gut microbiota composition in HIV-1-infected individuals. Further, Mediterranean diet increased the Bifidobacterium abundances after the intervention, and it was associated to a beneficial profile.24pt Keywords: gut microbiota; supplemented Mediterranean diet; lipids; lymphocyte subsets; HIV-1; Treg cells Author: Roque Pastor-Ibáñez, Juan Blanco-Heredia, Florencia Etcheverry, Sonsoles Sánchez-Palomino, Francisco Díez-Fuertes, Rosa Casas, María Ángeles Navarrete-Muñoz, Sara Castro-Barquero, Constanza Lucero, Irene Fernández, Lorna Leal, José Miguel Benito, Marc Noguera-Julian, Roger Paredes, Norma Rallón, Ramón Estruch, David Torrents and Felipe García Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Apr 6 04:22:53 2021 CEST ModDate: Fri Apr 9 05:19:47 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 3800310 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb 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OIEDOB+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 341 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:24:17 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_33808476.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:09:34 CEST Size: 3800310 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 541 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Background Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Design Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Nutritional Biomarkers and Polyphenols Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Markers of Inflammation and Bacterial Translocation Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: T-Lymphocyte Subsets Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Microbiota Composition Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Bioinformatics and Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Demographic Data Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Adherence to the SMD Stratified by Randomisation Group Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Metabolic, Microbial Translocation, Inflammatory, and Immunological Parameters Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Gut Microbiota Diversity and Richness Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Sub-Study with MSM Individuals Stratified by the MEDAS Score Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Metabolic, Microbial Translocation, Inflammatory, and Immunological Parameters Stratified by the MEDAS Scores Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Metabolic, Microbial Translocation, Inflammatory, and Immunological Parameters in MSM Stratified by Their MEDAS Scores Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Gut Microbial Diversity and Richness Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Gut Microbiota Composition Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Association between Changes in the Gut Microbiota Composition and Changes in the Metabolic, Microbial Translocation, Inflammatory, and Immunological Parameters Destination: subsection.4.5 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: figure.caption.10 Info: Title: Adherence to a Supplemented Mediterranean Diet Drives Changes in the Gut Microbiota of HIV-1-Infected Individuals Author: Roque Pastor-Ibáñez, Juan Blanco-Heredia, Florencia Etcheverry, Sonsoles Sánchez-Palomino, Francisco Díez-Fuertes, Rosa Casas, María Ángeles Navarrete-Muñoz, Sara Castro-Barquero, Constanza Lucero, Irene Fernández, Lorna Leal, José Miguel Benito, Marc Noguera-Julian, Roger Paredes, Norma Rallón, Ramón Estruch, David Torrents and Felipe García Subject: Objective: The health effects of a supplemented Mediterranean diet (SMD) with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts are well documented in non-HIV-infected individuals. We hypothesised that the benefits of an SMD could be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota, even in those with an altered intestinal microbiota such as people living with HIV. Design: Individuals living with HIV (n = 102) were randomised to receive an SMD with 50 g/day of EVOO and 30 g/day of walnuts (SMD group) or continue with their regular diet (control group) for 12 weeks. Methods: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the validated 14-item MD-Adherence-Screener (MEDAS) from the PREDIMED study. A sub-study classifying the participants according to their MEDAS scores was performed. Results: The lipid profile was improved in the SMD group vs. that in the control group (delta-total cholesterol and delta-B-lipoprotein). The immune activation (CD4+HLADR+CD38+ and CD8+HLADR+CD38+ cells) and IFN producing T-cells significantly decreased at week 12 compared to the baseline in the SMD group but not in the control group. The gut microbiota in those from the high-adherence group presented significantly high diversity and richness at the end of the intervention. Succinivibrio and Bifidobacterium abundances were influenced by the adherence to the MD and significantly correlated with Treg cells. Conclusion: The Mediterranean diet improved metabolic parameters, immune activation, Treg function, and the gut microbiota composition in HIV-1-infected individuals. 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