bd20c25af0810456a260ca5a0ff99ff6 pmc_33808770.pdf ff904735969f398b7bf962786f2e0ff2cc401aaa pmc_33808770.pdf 0a794e0f40e537d9986faf58386903b4b4bffd97601b0e73e25aef1c5ab39574 pmc_33808770.pdf Title: A Mouse Model Suggests That Heart Failure and Its Common Comorbidity Sleep Fragmentation Have No Synergistic Impacts on the Gut Microbiome Subject: Heart failure (HF) is a common condition associated with a high rate of hospitalizations and adverse outcomes. HF is characterized by impairments of either the cardiac ventricular filling, ejection of blood capacity or both. Sleep fragmentation (SF) involves a series of short sleep interruptions that lead to fatigue and contribute to cognitive impairments and dementia. Both conditions are known to be associated with increased inflammation and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. In the present study, mice were distributed into four groups, and subjected for four weeks to either HF, SF, both HF and SF, or left unperturbed as controls. We used 16S metabarcoding to assess fecal microbiome composition before and after the experiments. Evidence for distinct alterations in several bacterial groups and an overall decrease in alpha diversity emerged in HF and SF treatment groups. Combined HF and SF conditions, however, showed no synergism, and observed changes were not always additive, suggesting preliminarily that some of the individual effects of either HF or SF cancel each other out when applied concomitantly. Keywords: metagenomics; microbiome; sleep fragmentation; heart failure; sleep apnea Author: Olfat Khannous-Lleiffe, Jesse R. Willis, Ester Saus, Ignacio Cabrera-Aguilera, Isaac Almendros, Ramon Farré, David Gozal, Nuria Farré and Toni Gabaldón Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Mar 19 14:42:30 2021 CET ModDate: Fri Mar 19 14:46:06 2021 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 16 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1402264 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YQFJFW+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 FZRMOF+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 MFWVUN+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 KINJRY+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 HJOMHV+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 SIXRFS+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 JOXXIR+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 81 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 LPEMNL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 105 0 LPEMOL+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 108 0 LPEMOM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 114 0 LPEMPO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 117 0 LPFAPH+Arial CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 120 0 LPFBKF+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 126 0 FOOGTM+DejaVuSans-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 136 0 KRMGPG+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 140 0 XYFSLB+ArialMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 144 0 LPEMNL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 175 0 LPEMOM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 178 0 LPEMPO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 181 0 LPEMNL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 195 0 LPEMOM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 198 0 LPEMPO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 201 0 LPEMNL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 215 0 LPEMOM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 218 0 LPEMPO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 221 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 242 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:24:15 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_33808770.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:09:34 CEST Size: 1402264 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 450 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Animal Models Experiments Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: DNA Extraction, Library Preparation and Sequencing Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Microbiome Analysis Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Experimental Modelling of HF and SF Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Characterization of the Microbiome Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Alpha Diversity Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Changes in Microbial Composition Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: A Mouse Model Suggests That Heart Failure and Its Common Comorbidity Sleep Fragmentation Have No Synergistic Impacts on the Gut Microbiome Author: Olfat Khannous-Lleiffe, Jesse R. Willis, Ester Saus, Ignacio Cabrera-Aguilera, Isaac Almendros, Ramon Farré, David Gozal, Nuria Farré and Toni Gabaldón Subject: Heart failure (HF) is a common condition associated with a high rate of hospitalizations and adverse outcomes. HF is characterized by impairments of either the cardiac ventricular filling, ejection of blood capacity or both. Sleep fragmentation (SF) involves a series of short sleep interruptions that lead to fatigue and contribute to cognitive impairments and dementia. Both conditions are known to be associated with increased inflammation and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. In the present study, mice were distributed into four groups, and subjected for four weeks to either HF, SF, both HF and SF, or left unperturbed as controls. We used 16S metabarcoding to assess fecal microbiome composition before and after the experiments. Evidence for distinct alterations in several bacterial groups and an overall decrease in alpha diversity emerged in HF and SF treatment groups. Combined HF and SF conditions, however, showed no synergism, and observed changes were not always additive, suggesting preliminarily that some of the individual effects of either HF or SF cancel each other out when applied concomitantly. Keywords: metagenomics; microbiome; sleep fragmentation; heart failure; sleep apnea Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Mar 19 14:42:30 CET 2021 ModDate: Fri Mar 19 14:46:06 CET 2021 ID: 0x17138734b59540aea8ef62792726a179, 0x17138734b59540aea8ef62792726a179 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: JOXXIR+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 48 FontDescriptor: FontName: JOXXIR+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: MPUDFL+PazoMath FontSubset: true FirstChar: 68 LastChar: 68 FontDescriptor: FontName: MPUDFL+PazoMath Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -283, 878, 946 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: MFWVUN+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 151 FontDescriptor: FontName: MFWVUN+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: OVNEXW+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 22 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