b2c3e2bbf496ddcea0ef3a591c1a7820 pmc_33916144.pdf 6d80c6a4928f4c9d0d91bc4d0222bd53a0d11053 pmc_33916144.pdf 8aacb161fae41e375a7f4d99cf2b7b02b2de2cc4887723e51e9c7f5a0b529692 pmc_33916144.pdf Title: Diseases Caused by Amoebae in Fish: An Overview Subject: Parasitic and amphizoic amoebae are ubiquitous and can affect a huge variety of hosts, from invertebrates to humans, and fish are not an exception. Most of the relationships between amoebae and fish are based on four different types: ectocommensals, ectoparasites, endocommensals and endoparasites, although the lines between them are not always clear. As ectocommensals, they are located specially on the gills and particularly the amphizoic Neoparamoeba perurans is the most relevant species, being a real pathogenic parasite in farmed salmon. It causes amoebic gill disease, which causes a progressive hyperplasia of epithelial cells in the gill filaments and lamellae. Nodular gill disease is its analogue in freshwater fish but the causative agent is still not clear, although several amoebae have been identified associated to the lesions. Other species have been described in different fish species, affecting not only gills but also other organs, even internal ones. In some cases, species of the genera Naegleria or Acanthamoeba, which also contain pathogenic species affecting humans, are usually described affecting freshwater fish species. As endocommensals, Entamoebae species have been described in the digestive tract of freshwater and marine fish species, but Endolimax nana can reach other organs and cause systemic infections in farmed Solea senegalensis. Other systemic infections caused by amoebae are usually described in wild fish, although in most cases these are isolated cases without clinical signs or significance. Keywords: Neoparamoeba perurans; AGD; NGD; systemic amoebiasis; Endolimax nana Author: Francesc Padrós and Maria Constenla Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sat Apr 3 13:04:35 2021 CEST ModDate: Fri Apr 9 05:35:34 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1584565 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- NJQOIH+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 KBOCMM+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 ILBAPG+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 LOKVYU+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 SOZKOC+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 XYPWHM+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 91 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 99 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 103 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 111 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 135 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 139 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 143 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 151 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:21:12 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_33916144.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:09:45 CEST Size: 1584565 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 494 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Diseases Caused by Amoebae in Human and Veterinary Medicine Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Amoebae and Fish Diseases Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Gill Diseases Caused by Amoebae Destination: subsection.3.1 Children: Item: Title: Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD) Destination: subsubsection.3.1.1 Item: Title: Nodular Gill Disease (NGD) Destination: subsubsection.3.1.2 Item: Title: Systemic Diseases Caused by Amoebae Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: References Destination: figure.caption.2 Info: Title: Diseases Caused by Amoebae in Fish: An Overview Author: Francesc Padrós and Maria Constenla Subject: Parasitic and amphizoic amoebae are ubiquitous and can affect a huge variety of hosts, from invertebrates to humans, and fish are not an exception. Most of the relationships between amoebae and fish are based on four different types: ectocommensals, ectoparasites, endocommensals and endoparasites, although the lines between them are not always clear. As ectocommensals, they are located specially on the gills and particularly the amphizoic Neoparamoeba perurans is the most relevant species, being a real pathogenic parasite in farmed salmon. It causes amoebic gill disease, which causes a progressive hyperplasia of epithelial cells in the gill filaments and lamellae. Nodular gill disease is its analogue in freshwater fish but the causative agent is still not clear, although several amoebae have been identified associated to the lesions. Other species have been described in different fish species, affecting not only gills but also other organs, even internal ones. In some cases, species of the genera Naegleria or Acanthamoeba, which also contain pathogenic species affecting humans, are usually described affecting freshwater fish species. As endocommensals, Entamoebae species have been described in the digestive tract of freshwater and marine fish species, but Endolimax nana can reach other organs and cause systemic infections in farmed Solea senegalensis. Other systemic infections caused by amoebae are usually described in wild fish, although in most cases these are isolated cases without clinical signs or significance. 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