5f6b10972ad02317ba30b20828359848 pmc_33917492.pdf e9f0be7d679af52a3b57a7eba7125a209972ee14 pmc_33917492.pdf 52c9c70893196f082b46a6352b5e360b0be8d588e62978eb72abc941144990b8 pmc_33917492.pdf Title: Stressor-Dependant Changes in Immune Parameters in the Terrestrial Isopod Crustacean, Porcellio scaber: A Focus on Nanomaterials Subject: We compared the changes of selected immune parameters of Porcellio scaber to different stressors. The animals were either fed for two weeks with Au nanoparticles (NPs), CeO2 NPs, or Au ions or body-injected with Au NPs, CeO2 NPs, or lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. Contrary to expectations, the feeding experiment showed that both NPs caused a significant increase in the total haemocyte count (THC). In contrast, the ion-positive control resulted in a significantly decreased THC. Additionally, changes in phenoloxidase (PO)-like activity, haemocyte viability, and nitric oxide (NO) levels seemed to depend on the stressor. Injection experiments also showed stressor-dependant changes in measured parameters, such as CeO2 NPs and lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS), caused more significant responses than Au NPs. These results show that feeding and injection of NPs caused an immune response and that the response differed significantly, depending on the exposure route. We did not expect the response to ingested NPs, due to the low exposure concentrations (100 g/g dry weight food) and a firm gut epithelia, along with a lack of phagocytosis in the digestive system, which would theoretically prevent NPs from crossing the biological barrier. It remains a challenge for future research to reveal what the physiological and ecological significance is for the organism to sense and respond, via the immune system, to ingested foreign material. Keywords: gold nanoparticles; cerium nanoparticles; woodlice; immune response; haemocyte Author: Craig Mayall, Andraz Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Sara Novak, Jaka Razinger, Francesco Barbero, Victor Puntes and Damjana Drobne Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Apr 9 03:51:37 2021 CEST ModDate: Fri Apr 9 06:00:07 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 14014876 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- EGBUYS+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 15 0 UGSAFI+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 JKNHAD+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 ZSAABH+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 ZTEBGV+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 NPLVPL+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 40 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 70 0 KXDJCR+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:21:04 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_33917492.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:09:46 CEST Size: 14014876 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 484 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterisation Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Experimental Animals Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Feeding Experiment Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Injection Experiment Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Haemolymph Collection Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Immune Parameters Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.7 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Feeding Activity of Isopods and Mortality Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: NO Levels and PO-Like Activity Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Haemocyte Count Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Feeding on Au NP-Dosed Diet Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Feeding on CeO2 NP-Dosed Diet Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Feeding on Au Ions-Dosed Diet Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Injection of Stimuli into Dlood Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Destination: section.A. Item: Title: References Destination: specialtable.caption.6 Info: Title: Stressor-Dependant Changes in Immune Parameters in the Terrestrial Isopod Crustacean, Porcellio scaber: A Focus on Nanomaterials Author: Craig Mayall, Andraz Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Sara Novak, Jaka Razinger, Francesco Barbero, Victor Puntes and Damjana Drobne Subject: We compared the changes of selected immune parameters of Porcellio scaber to different stressors. The animals were either fed for two weeks with Au nanoparticles (NPs), CeO2 NPs, or Au ions or body-injected with Au NPs, CeO2 NPs, or lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. Contrary to expectations, the feeding experiment showed that both NPs caused a significant increase in the total haemocyte count (THC). In contrast, the ion-positive control resulted in a significantly decreased THC. Additionally, changes in phenoloxidase (PO)-like activity, haemocyte viability, and nitric oxide (NO) levels seemed to depend on the stressor. Injection experiments also showed stressor-dependant changes in measured parameters, such as CeO2 NPs and lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS), caused more significant responses than Au NPs. These results show that feeding and injection of NPs caused an immune response and that the response differed significantly, depending on the exposure route. We did not expect the response to ingested NPs, due to the low exposure concentrations (100 g/g dry weight food) and a firm gut epithelia, along with a lack of phagocytosis in the digestive system, which would theoretically prevent NPs from crossing the biological barrier. It remains a challenge for future research to reveal what the physiological and ecological significance is for the organism to sense and respond, via the immune system, to ingested foreign material. Keywords: gold nanoparticles; cerium nanoparticles; woodlice; immune response; haemocyte Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Apr 09 03:51:37 CEST 2021 ModDate: Fri Apr 09 06:00:07 CEST 2021 ID: 0xbac92b855acd8021c92afb853c0c6be2, 0xbac92b855acd8021c92afb853c0c6be2 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: ZTEBGV+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: ZTEBGV+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: UGSAFI+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 150 FontDescriptor: FontName: UGSAFI+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: KXDJCR+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 21 FontDescriptor: FontName: KXDJCR+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true 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