72526d75c1b0df44292f96cef0f9efb6 pmc_33917521.pdf 301dc76547e67a1decb36852aa9a6994a799892e pmc_33917521.pdf 0480fc11326b1f3f85f04458a98cb21be97a033f7d0fde0651509dada048be84 pmc_33917521.pdf Title: Soybean Oil Replacement by Palm Fatty Acid Distillate in Broiler Chicken Diets: Fat Digestibility and Lipid-Class Content along the Intestinal Tract Subject: Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of palm oil (P) refining. Its use in chicken diets is a way to reduce the cost of feed and the environmental impact. Its low unsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio (UFA:SFA) and its high free fatty acid (FFA) level could be partially counteracted by its blending with soybean oil (S). The objective was to assess the effect of replacing S with different levels of PFAD on lipid-class content and fatty acid (FA) digestibility along the intestinal tract and in the excreta of 11 and 35-day-old broiler chickens. Five experimental diets were prepared by supplementing a basal diet with S (S6), PFAD (PA6), two blends of them (S4-PA2 and S2-PA4), or P (P6) at 6%. Replacing S with PFAD did not affect performance parameters (p > 0.05) but negatively affected feed AME, FA digestibility, and FFA intestinal content (p < 0.05), especially in starter chicks. Including PFAD delayed total FA (TFA) absorption (p < 0.05) at 11 days, but at 35 days it did not affect the TFA absorption rate. The use of PFAD blended with S, when FFA 30% and UFA:SFA 2.6, led to adequate energy utilization in broiler grower-finisher diets. Keywords: fat digestibility; lipid classes; free fatty acid; fat by-product; fatty acid distillate; alternative energy source; broiler chickens; poultry; intestinal tract Author: Beatriz Jimenez-Moya, Ana C. Barroeta, Alba Tres, María Dolores Soler and Roser Sala Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Apr 8 04:04:35 2021 CEST ModDate: Fri Apr 9 06:00:39 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 19 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1649090 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- FJMGBM+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 ECBMBC+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 RRSYUD+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 LDQHYC+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 EXDAJG+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 28 0 WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 40 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 70 0 KNPFEX+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 JCMBAC+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 104 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:21:01 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_33917521.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:09:46 CEST Size: 1649090 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 305 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Housing and Animals Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Experimental Design and Diets Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Controls and Sampling Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Chemical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Calculations Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Characterization of Experimental Oils and Diets Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Growth Performance and Abdominal Fat Deposition Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Lipid-Class Content along the Intestinal Tract Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Apparent Fatty-Acid Digestibility along the Intestinal Tract Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Contribution of Each Intestinal Segment to FA Absorption Destination: subsection.3.5 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Soybean Oil Replacement by Palm Fatty Acid Distillate in Broiler Chicken Diets: Fat Digestibility and Lipid-Class Content along the Intestinal Tract Author: Beatriz Jimenez-Moya, Ana C. Barroeta, Alba Tres, María Dolores Soler and Roser Sala Subject: Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of palm oil (P) refining. Its use in chicken diets is a way to reduce the cost of feed and the environmental impact. Its low unsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio (UFA:SFA) and its high free fatty acid (FFA) level could be partially counteracted by its blending with soybean oil (S). The objective was to assess the effect of replacing S with different levels of PFAD on lipid-class content and fatty acid (FA) digestibility along the intestinal tract and in the excreta of 11 and 35-day-old broiler chickens. Five experimental diets were prepared by supplementing a basal diet with S (S6), PFAD (PA6), two blends of them (S4-PA2 and S2-PA4), or P (P6) at 6%. Replacing S with PFAD did not affect performance parameters (p > 0.05) but negatively affected feed AME, FA digestibility, and FFA intestinal content (p < 0.05), especially in starter chicks. Including PFAD delayed total FA (TFA) absorption (p < 0.05) at 11 days, but at 35 days it did not affect the TFA absorption rate. The use of PFAD blended with S, when FFA 30% and UFA:SFA 2.6, led to adequate energy utilization in broiler grower-finisher diets. 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