cd817bce07a68ab43d725402da009668 pmc_33920807.pdf 9cb04e939d441c124a8ac7d80375dd6993589af2 pmc_33920807.pdf cde51d1a1a6b9bd1795e3618321c2c7eea30b2f69db73a3f8288e64ea3c389ca pmc_33920807.pdf Title: Inadequate Content of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) of Donor Human Milk for Feeding Preterm Infants: A Comparison with Mother’s Own Milk at Different Stages of Lactation Subject: A cross-sectional single-center study was designed to compare the fatty acids profile, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, between milk banking samples of donor human milk and mother’s own milk (MOM) for feeding preterm infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation. MOM samples from 118 mothers included colostrum (1–7 days after delivery), transitional milk (9–14 days), and mature milk (15–28 days and 29 days). In the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) group, the levels of -linolenic acid (C18:3 n3) and DHA (C22:6 n3) showed opposite trends, whereas -linolenic acid was higher in donor human milk as compared with MOM, with increasing levels as stages of lactation progressed, DHA levels were significantly lower in donor human milk than in MOM samples, which, in turn, showed decreasing levels along stages of lactation. DHA levels in donor human milk were 53% lower than in colostrum. Therefore, in preterm infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation, the use of pasteurized donor human milk as exclusive feeding or combined with breastfeeding provides an inadequate supply of DHA. Nursing mothers should increase DHA intake through fish consumption or nutritional supplements with high-dose DHA while breastfeeding. Milk banking fortified with DHA would guarantee adequate DHA levels in donor human milk. Keywords: donor human milk; preterm infants; docosahexaenoic acid Author: Félix Castillo, Félix-Joel Castillo-Ferrer, Begoña Cordobilla and Joan Carles Domingo Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Apr 16 04:28:56 2021 CEST ModDate: Fri Apr 16 04:44:38 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 11 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1330600 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- CIQLLF+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 MDJLZU+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 15 0 RFXTRW+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 DVDAZZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 WGBHAP+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 OHXQCJ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 32 0 BTFGED+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 36 0 HGMNRX+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 44 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 70 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 74 0 URYLRZ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 95 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 111 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 115 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 119 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 135 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 139 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 143 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 147 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 160 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 164 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 168 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 172 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:20:35 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_33920807.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:09:49 CEST Size: 1330600 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 345 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Design Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Participants and Samples Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Biochemical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Lipid Profile of the Main Families of Fatty Acids Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Lipid Profile of SFAs Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Lipid Profile of MUFAs Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Lipid Profile of n-6 PUFAs Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Lipid Profile of n-3 PUFAs Destination: subsection.3.5 Item: Title: Lipid Quality Indexs Destination: subsection.3.6 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Inadequate Content of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) of Donor Human Milk for Feeding Preterm Infants: A Comparison with Mother’s Own Milk at Different Stages of Lactation Author: Félix Castillo, Félix-Joel Castillo-Ferrer, Begoña Cordobilla and Joan Carles Domingo Subject: A cross-sectional single-center study was designed to compare the fatty acids profile, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, between milk banking samples of donor human milk and mother’s own milk (MOM) for feeding preterm infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation. MOM samples from 118 mothers included colostrum (1 7 days after delivery), transitional milk (9 14 days), and mature milk (15 28 days and 29 days). In the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) group, the levels of -linolenic acid (C18:3 n3) and DHA (C22:6 n3) showed opposite trends, whereas -linolenic acid was higher in donor human milk as compared with MOM, with increasing levels as stages of lactation progressed, DHA levels were significantly lower in donor human milk than in MOM samples, which, in turn, showed decreasing levels along stages of lactation. DHA levels in donor human milk were 53% lower than in colostrum. Therefore, in preterm infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation, the use of pasteurized donor human milk as exclusive feeding or combined with breastfeeding provides an inadequate supply of DHA. Nursing mothers should increase DHA intake through fish consumption or nutritional supplements with high-dose DHA while breastfeeding. Milk banking fortified with DHA would guarantee adequate DHA levels in donor human milk. 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