2e1b255b4e24ebe92e4e212ad2636305 pmc_33924651.pdf a86249adfaae98827e7a04380cce19f4a70743c8 pmc_33924651.pdf eb556dd64f9ce5cf73efa9afaacab42918d57eb88f8d609d5a53fcca41c2e274 pmc_33924651.pdf Title: Childhood Maltreatment and Its Interaction with Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Activity and the Remission Status of Major Depression: Effects on Functionality and Quality of Life Subject: Relationships among childhood maltreatment (CM), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disturbances, major depressive disorder (MDD), poor functionality, and lower quality of life (QoL) in adulthood have been described. We aimed to study the roles of the remission status of depression and HPA axis function in the relationships between CM and functionality and QoL. Ninety-seven patients with MDD and 97 healthy controls were included. The cortisol awakening response, cortisol suppression ratio in the dexamethasone suppression test, and diurnal cortisol slope were assessed. Participants completed measures of psychopathology, CM, functionality, and QoL. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to study the relationships between CM and functionality and QoL. Only non-remitted MDD patients showed lower functionality and QoL than controls, indicating that depressive symptoms may partly predict functionality and QoL. Cortisol measures did not differ between remitted and non-remitted patients. Although neither HPA axis measures nor depression remission status were consistently associated with functionality or QoL, these factors moderated the effects of CM on functionality and QoL. In conclusion, subtle neurobiological dysfunctions in stress-related systems could help to explain diminished functionality and QoL in individuals with CM and MDD and contribute to the persistence of these impairments even after the remission of depressive symptoms. Keywords: major depressive disorder; childhood maltreatment; cortisol; functionality; quality of life Author: Neus Salvat-Pujol, Javier Labad, Mikel Urretavizcaya, Aida De Arriba-Arnau, Cinto Segalàs, Eva Real, Alex Ferrer, José Manuel Crespo, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Carles Soriano-Mas, José Manuel Menchón and Virginia Soria Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Apr 14 03:59:52 2021 CEST ModDate: Wed Apr 14 04:54:48 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 16 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 346074 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- KORLVE+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 JHNGVW+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 BMQVGY+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 WNKYNZ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 PURWBA+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 SLUQMQ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 UWJUYN+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 81 0 JLZORU+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 94 0 IUOUHH+PazoMath-BoldItalic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 101 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 105 0 CRJHCU+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 109 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:19:48 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_33924651.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:09:52 CEST Size: 346074 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 378 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Sample Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Clinical Assessment Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Salivary Cortisol Measurements Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Univariate Analyses Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Partial Correlation Analyses Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Multiple Linear Regression Analyses in All Participants Destination: subsection.3.3 Children: Item: Title: Functional Impairment Destination: subsubsection.3.3.1 Item: Title: Quality of Life Destination: subsubsection.3.3.2 Item: Title: Multiple Linear Regression Analyses in MDD Patients Only Destination: subsection.3.4 Children: Item: Title: Functional Impairment Destination: subsubsection.3.4.1 Item: Title: Quality of Life Destination: subsubsection.3.4.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Predictors of Functioning Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Predictors of QoL Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Limitations and Methodological Issues Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Childhood Maltreatment and Its Interaction with Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis Activity and the Remission Status of Major Depression: Effects on Functionality and Quality of Life Author: Neus Salvat-Pujol, Javier Labad, Mikel Urretavizcaya, Aida De Arriba-Arnau, Cinto Segalàs, Eva Real, Alex Ferrer, José Manuel Crespo, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Carles Soriano-Mas, José Manuel Menchón and Virginia Soria Subject: Relationships among childhood maltreatment (CM), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disturbances, major depressive disorder (MDD), poor functionality, and lower quality of life (QoL) in adulthood have been described. We aimed to study the roles of the remission status of depression and HPA axis function in the relationships between CM and functionality and QoL. Ninety-seven patients with MDD and 97 healthy controls were included. The cortisol awakening response, cortisol suppression ratio in the dexamethasone suppression test, and diurnal cortisol slope were assessed. Participants completed measures of psychopathology, CM, functionality, and QoL. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to study the relationships between CM and functionality and QoL. Only non-remitted MDD patients showed lower functionality and QoL than controls, indicating that depressive symptoms may partly predict functionality and QoL. Cortisol measures did not differ between remitted and non-remitted patients. Although neither HPA axis measures nor depression remission status were consistently associated with functionality or QoL, these factors moderated the effects of CM on functionality and QoL. In conclusion, subtle neurobiological dysfunctions in stress-related systems could help to explain diminished functionality and QoL in individuals with CM and MDD and contribute to the persistence of these impairments even after the remission of depressive symptoms. 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