baea311b254d92e84993b47bad0b2863 pmc_34072452.pdf e22993806440046825bf517da668396dc0508100 pmc_34072452.pdf fd6e1407b0ddc33e7986bacb3e17943ac42373ef1f101e3260cc9265fbbc9b86 pmc_34072452.pdf Title: Research Trends and Future Perspectives in Marine Biomimicking Robotics Subject: Mechatronic and soft robotics are taking inspiration from the animal kingdom to create new high-performance robots. Here, we focused on marine biomimetic research and used innovative bibliographic statistics tools, to highlight established and emerging knowledge domains. A total of 6980 scientific publications retrieved from the Scopus database (1950–2020), evidencing a sharp research increase in 2003–2004. Clustering analysis of countries collaborations showed two major Asian-North America and European clusters. Three significant areas appeared: (i) energy provision, whose advancement mainly relies on microbial fuel cells, (ii) biomaterials for not yet fully operational soft-robotic solutions; and finally (iii), design and control, chiefly oriented to locomotor designs. In this scenario, marine biomimicking robotics still lacks solutions for the long-lasting energy provision, which presently hinders operation autonomy. In the research environment, identifying natural processes by which living organisms obtain energy is thus urgent to sustain energy-demanding tasks while, at the same time, the natural designs must increasingly inform to optimize energy consumption. Keywords: marine biomimetics; bibliographic statistics; energy provision; biomaterials; locomotor designs; optimal energy consumption Author: Jacopo Aguzzi, Corrado Costa, Marcello Calisti, Valerio Funari, Sergio Stefanni, Roberto Danovaro, Helena I. Gomes, Fabrizio Vecchi, Lewis R. Dartnell, Peter Weiss, Kathrin Nowak, Damianos Chatzievangelou and Simone Marini Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Jun 1 14:13:56 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Jun 1 14:18:22 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 21 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 3761117 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- SQEVLA+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 PDCYRG+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 CIISDK+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 VNBHJO+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 RVSEMT+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 32 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 54 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 URYLRZ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 83 0 EPEPCB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 94 0 EPEPDD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 97 0 EPEPEE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 100 0 EPFBLH+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 103 0 EPEPCB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 117 0 EPEPDD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 120 0 EPEPEE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 123 0 EPFBLH+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 126 0 EPEPCB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 140 0 EPEPDD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 143 0 EPEPEE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 146 0 EPEPCB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 158 0 EPEPDD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 161 0 EPEPEE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 164 0 EPEPCB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 182 0 EPEPDD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 185 0 EPEPEE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 188 0 EPEPCB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 200 0 EPEPDD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 203 0 EPEPEE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 206 0 EPEPCB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 237 0 EPEPDD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 240 0 EPEPEE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 243 0 EPFBLH+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 246 0 EPFGFM+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 249 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:15:08 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34072452.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:14:04 CEST Size: 3761117 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 645 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Database Search Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Bibliometric Mapping and Clustering Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: The Term-Year Map Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: The Term-Citation Map Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Journals, Subject Categories and Countries Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: The Term-Clustering Map Identifying Major Research Areas Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Publication Trends: Years and Citation Rate Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: The Temporal Trends in Biomimicking Robotics Research Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Biomimicking Energy Provision Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Biomimicking Materials for Robotics Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Biomimicking Design and Control Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Limitations of Our Bibliographic Meta-Analysis Destination: subsection.4.5 Item: Title: Destination: section.A. Item: Title: References Destination: specialtable.caption.11 Info: Title: Research Trends and Future Perspectives in Marine Biomimicking Robotics Author: Jacopo Aguzzi, Corrado Costa, Marcello Calisti, Valerio Funari, Sergio Stefanni, Roberto Danovaro, Helena I. Gomes, Fabrizio Vecchi, Lewis R. Dartnell, Peter Weiss, Kathrin Nowak, Damianos Chatzievangelou and Simone Marini Subject: Mechatronic and soft robotics are taking inspiration from the animal kingdom to create new high-performance robots. Here, we focused on marine biomimetic research and used innovative bibliographic statistics tools, to highlight established and emerging knowledge domains. A total of 6980 scientific publications retrieved from the Scopus database (1950 2020), evidencing a sharp research increase in 2003 2004. Clustering analysis of countries collaborations showed two major Asian-North America and European clusters. Three significant areas appeared: (i) energy provision, whose advancement mainly relies on microbial fuel cells, (ii) biomaterials for not yet fully operational soft-robotic solutions; and finally (iii), design and control, chiefly oriented to locomotor designs. In this scenario, marine biomimicking robotics still lacks solutions for the long-lasting energy provision, which presently hinders operation autonomy. In the research environment, identifying natural processes by which living organisms obtain energy is thus urgent to sustain energy-demanding tasks while, at the same time, the natural designs must increasingly inform to optimize energy consumption. 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