18795f056d6f03cf81887e23560959d8 pmc_34073097.pdf af9f3d4af8d775f770ff8a7172fb3cdf4c035a77 pmc_34073097.pdf a80f36c5bbea43efd8370d7f7060e54d92d953a67b80baafc96fb9d6d0b00c9f pmc_34073097.pdf Title: Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Effects of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol on Brain Neurochemistry and Development in a Porcine Model Subject: Supplementation of a mother’s diet with antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (HTX), has been proposed to ameliorate the adverse phenotypes of fetuses at risk of intrauterine growth restriction. In the present study, sows were treated daily with or without 1.5 mg of HTX per kilogram of feed from day 35 of pregnancy (at 30% of total gestational period), and individuals were sampled at three different ages: 100-day-old fetuses and 1-month- and 6-month-old piglets. After euthanasia, the brain was removed and the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex were dissected. The profile of the catecholaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitters (NTs) was characterized and an immunohistochemical study of the hippocampus was performed. The results indicated that maternal supplementation with HTX during pregnancy affected the NT profile in a brain-area-dependant mode and it modified the process of neuron differentiation in the hippocampal CA1 and GD areas, indicating that cell differentiation occurred more rapidly in the HTX group. These effects were specific to the fetal period, concomitantly with HTX maternal supplementation, since no major differences remained between the control and treated groups in 1-month- and 6-month-old pigs. Keywords: hydroxytyrosol; neurotransmitters; hippocampus; neuron differentiation; intrauterine growth restriction; brain; pig; oxidative stress Author: Natalia Yeste, Daniel Valent, Laura Arroyo, Marta Vázquez-Gómez, Consolación García-Contreras, Martí Pumarola, Antonio González-Bulnes and Anna Bassols Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Jun 1 09:54:03 2021 CEST ModDate: Tue Jun 1 10:06:24 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 21 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 5212733 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- TOZXSU+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 IXCLMT+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 MXPSNS+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 EKMRSO+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 PRJKGQ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 KUDXZB+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 36 0 MCBCCI+SourceSansRoman-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes no 58 0 MCBCCM+SourceSansRoman.613wght Type 1C Custom yes yes no 62 0 MCBCCO+SourceSansRoman-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes no 66 0 GNYQZE+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 81 0 JDWIZJ+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 88 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 98 0 JHYTSG+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 102 0 XIRVNA+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 134 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 150 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 154 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 158 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 162 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 178 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 182 0 ABCDEE+Palatino Linotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 186 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 03:15:01 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_34073097.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-03-31 12:14:05 CEST Size: 5212733 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 456 FreeObjects: 5 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Ethics Statement Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Animals and Experimental Procedure Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Quantification of Neurotransmitters Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Determination of Parameters Related to Oxidative Stress Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Hippocampus Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Image Processing and Analysis Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses Destination: subsection.2.7 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Effects of Maternal Supplementation with HTX on the Neurotransmitter Profile in Several Brain Areas of the Progeny Destination: subsection.3.1 Children: Item: Title: Amygdala Destination: subsubsection.3.1.1 Item: Title: Hippocampus Destination: subsubsection.3.1.2 Item: Title: Prefrontal Cortex Destination: subsubsection.3.1.3 Item: Title: Effects of Maternal Supplementation with HTX on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Fetuses Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Effects of Maternal Supplementation with HTX on Immunohistochemical Markers in the Hippocampus of the Progeny Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Effects of HTX on the Neurotransmitter Profile in Several Brain Areas Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Effects of HTX on Hippocampal Development Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Effects of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol on Brain Neurochemistry and Development in a Porcine Model Author: Natalia Yeste, Daniel Valent, Laura Arroyo, Marta Vázquez-Gómez, Consolación García-Contreras, Martí Pumarola, Antonio González-Bulnes and Anna Bassols Subject: Supplementation of a mother’s diet with antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (HTX), has been proposed to ameliorate the adverse phenotypes of fetuses at risk of intrauterine growth restriction. In the present study, sows were treated daily with or without 1.5 mg of HTX per kilogram of feed from day 35 of pregnancy (at 30% of total gestational period), and individuals were sampled at three different ages: 100-day-old fetuses and 1-month- and 6-month-old piglets. After euthanasia, the brain was removed and the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex were dissected. The profile of the catecholaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitters (NTs) was characterized and an immunohistochemical study of the hippocampus was performed. The results indicated that maternal supplementation with HTX during pregnancy affected the NT profile in a brain-area-dependant mode and it modified the process of neuron differentiation in the hippocampal CA1 and GD areas, indicating that cell differentiation occurred more rapidly in the HTX group. These effects were specific to the fetal period, concomitantly with HTX maternal supplementation, since no major differences remained between the control and treated groups in 1-month- and 6-month-old pigs. Keywords: hydroxytyrosol; neurotransmitters; hippocampus; neuron differentiation; intrauterine growth restriction; brain; pig; oxidative stress Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Jun 01 09:54:03 CEST 2021 ModDate: Tue Jun 01 10:06:24 CEST 2021 ID: 0x2bf929438bfd874efcb7630402ab4c9b, 0x2bf929438bfd874efcb7630402ab4c9b Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: GNYQZE+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 54 FontDescriptor: FontName: GNYQZE+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 112 LastChar: 112 FontDescriptor: FontName: WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -300, 1073, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: MXPSNS+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: MXPSNS+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, 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