eb4d1248731fc9d9e52e8248bf242f0e pmc_34073338.pdf bd59cf9bbbd5d34f3536f7bbb465324275488edf pmc_34073338.pdf f78f8934203727bfc9c21acf973c92350928f3cc2a46462dc405f424f1afe1be pmc_34073338.pdf Title: Estradiol–Testosterone Imbalance Is Associated with Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Klinefelter Syndrome Subject: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a frequent sexual disorder in adult men. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common sex chromosomal disorder and a frequent cause of male hypogonadism. Psychological and cognitive aspects are quite typical in KS and have been linked to ED, while the role of testosterone (T) levels in sexual function of KS subjects has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of hormonal disturbances in erectile function of subjects with KS. We conducted a retrospective study involving 52 Klinefelter patients newly diagnosed who never received androgen replacing therapy. All the subjects underwent medical history, accurate physical examination, and blood tests. The International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF-EF) score correlated negatively with estradiol/testosterone ratio (E2/T); this correlation remained statistically significant after correction for age ( -0.320 p = 0.018). A multiple linear regression analysis identified age and E2/T as the main predictors of IIEF-EF score (R2 0.169 F = 3.848 p = 0.008). Our findings corroborate previous KS data obtained in the general population showing an association between higher E2/T ratio and impaired erectile function. Larger studies are required to better elucidate the pathophysiology of ED in patients with KS. Keywords: erectile dysfunction; Klinefelter syndrome; testosterone; estradiol; hypogonadism Author: Maurizio De Rocco Ponce, Riccardo Selice, Antonella Di Mambro, Luca De Toni, Carlo Foresta and Andrea Garolla Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed May 26 11:13:07 2021 CEST ModDate: Wed May 26 11:13:07 2021 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 8 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 385810 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YIWHWR+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 107 0 CPDUND+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 108 0 XZQDEN+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 109 0 NQHFUT+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 112 0 ATTHOC+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 113 0 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